大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义7

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　　3)现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in 等连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：
　　She has already come. 她已经来了。
5 ~2 |* ]3 n6 Q4 ~& l8 u) i0 z8 z　　I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。
　　I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
4 U, o% Q# L: M　　Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。
7 L  P, L* ?  M$ e# q　　I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
　　They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。
* K0 B6 c4 f4 {　　I haven’t seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。
　　翻译练习：
　　1)他们已经答复了我们的信。
! N" b# T# U" ~: o　　They have already answered our letter.
　　2)自去年以来我就未遇见过王英。
　　I haven’t met Wang Ying since last year.
% U: ]9 i( N! g. ?  f3 o. j8 X　　3)他刚把他的名字告诉我。
　　He has just told me his name.
0 [. t7 ~# ?# r5 s) ~& I+ Q　　4)你到过杭州吗? 到过。我一个月以前去过那里。我去过两三次。
0 K% N7 E: j; L/ I+ p　　Have you ever been to Hangzhou? Yes, I have. I went there a month ago. I have been there two or three times.
1 n2 S2 |3 l  g6 f- z) P/ P　　5)他在海外住了很长时间了。
　　He has lived abroad for a very long time.
' p8 f: Z% {) M/ ]6 A1 W1 j　　4、现在完成进行时
$ F/ |2 l' Y/ ^$ w/ h　　(1)构成：第三人称单数由has been + 动词的现在分词;其他人称和数由have been + 动词的现在分词。
* n6 G8 t3 e/ B7 X+ `2 i; G　　(2)用法：
0 q/ @! [- m# ^2 N5 g0 M6 H/ q1 c; }　　1)表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，可能刚刚终止，也可能仍然在进行。
　　I’ve been waiting for you since eight o’clock in the morning. 我从早上8点钟一直在等你。
　　It has been raining for three hours. 雨一直下了三个小时了。
' n1 p8 L6 A7 k9 D9 A5 O/ `& h" M　　What book have you been reading recently? 最近你一直在读什么书?
7 Q6 |4 W8 C! H% @0 n* {$ a7 {4 K6 X　　2)有些动词不能用于现在进行时，如be, have, like, love, know, see, hear等，这些词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时。如：
0 n" n4 S: l. a/ j: }) ]　　I haven’t seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了。
" Z6 W3 W9 x4 t) l/ ]　　I have loved her for a long time. 我一直爱她。
) F3 ^9 \, m. @　　I have known him for a long time. 我认识他很久了。
- H3 B2 R1 ?% U/ b/ ?! M& X　　3)现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，强调结果;而现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性，强调“一直”，往往表示动作仍未结束。如：
9 K% J3 W; z  X0 |7 U! @: G　　I have been reading this novel. 我一直在读这本小说。(我仍然在读)
7 [) l1 D" u* b* A( k　　I have read two novels. 我已读过两本小说。(可能刚读过，也可能很久以前读的)
% S& r; i; I7 u+ a4 p　　I have been writing letters. 我一直都在写信。
1 `0 o7 n/ ]! \　　I have written three letters. 我已经写完三封信了。
) m9 |" s4 K" ?1 K( ~3 n6 S$ F　　Now we have cleaned the room, we can move the things in. 既然我们已经打扫完房间，我们可以把东西搬进来了。
9 _9 k0 z! B  u9 w& S3 z' j　　We’ve been cleaning the classroom, but we haven’t finished yet. 我们一直在打扫教室，但还没干完。