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[四级词汇语法] 大学英语四级考试:语法笔记讲义15

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发表于 2012-8-14 00:30:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  (5)现在进行时可表示将来。主要是表示“来,去,留,住,开始,结束 ”等意义的动词,如:come, end, leave, return, go, start, set out, meet, open, die, arrive。
) H1 I4 P- A* ^  We are going to Paris on Friday. We are leaving from London Airport. 我们星期五离开巴黎,我们从伦敦机场出发。 % x( x8 k2 b1 c% U
  The poor dog is dying. 那条可怜的狗快要死了。
  F! T# ?5 l2 c- @: P5 H- }: s' C  The tragedy is ending/beginning. 悲剧就要结束了/开始了。
% p/ H$ J- i7 j3 c( c  4、现在完成时的用法
1 C: S. G: w" u  现在完成时强调的是现在的结果或影响,是个现在时态,不与明确表示过去某个时间的状语连用;常与 already, ever, lately, just, now, recently, today, tonight, yet, this week, this year, for+时间名词,in the last three years, in the past three years, so far (到目前为止),up till now (直到现在), up to the present (直到现在) 等包括现在在内的时间状态语连用。例如: : e9 {& r! _: g. x2 Y& e  ~
  Where have you been this year? 今年你去过哪里。
, Q$ L& Q! f7 M* U' b: Q  Up to the present, great changes have taken place. 到现在已经发生了巨大变化。 7 ?8 `; }6 l" S* _6 Q
  Did Mary come here for a visit? She has visited China twice since 1989.
% f) L5 [6 W& w* P2 ^  5、过去完成时的用法 ) D- V& n, Z# h! @; N
  过去完成时表示动作发生在过去某个时间或动作之前。如果发生有两个动作都是在过去发生的,先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的用一般过去时: 3 m) j4 f/ }0 q0 M5 |+ t8 N5 |
  It is five years since I left middle school.(以现在为依据) 我离开中学到现在已经有五年了。 % x9 ]5 B# V5 Q! e6 t9 `5 D
  It was five years since I had left middle school.(以过去为依据) 我离开中学到那时已经有五年了。
! N; P# Z* W: [( z  By the end of last month they had already made 25 million dollars. 到上月底他们已经挣了两千五百万美元了。
7 j0 ]: T. p5 x" m/ h2 l9 \- p  The film had been on for minutes when he arrived at the cinema. 电影已经开始几分钟了他才到电影院。
; l! @4 h4 m2 h8 r/ x4 Z. z: z  注意:动词 expect, hope, mean, plan, suppose, think的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图。例如:
' U4 m- e6 b  V) k" K0 I" Z  They had hoped to be able to come and see me. 他们本希望能来看我的。 4 w8 u! i3 d( T3 p2 k0 }2 r  p
  I had thought to meet her there. 我想过(或我本想)在那里见她。
+ ~  q) i% ?4 P2 q2 _, D3 h  6、时态的呼应
9 y) |6 d$ x# G  l, v  时态的呼应也叫时态的一致,是指在复合句中,某些从句(主要是宾语从句等名词性从句)的时态常受主句时态的影响,因而要注意主从句两部分的时态呼应。
7 s8 }. L( B# Y% ?. K% ~4 J  (1)主句是现在时态或将来时时,从句可以用任何所需要的时态。
+ m9 U- v" w' i0 h1 g# g* {/ D  He says his father is/was/will be a teacher. 他说他父亲是(过去是,将来要做)一个教师。
% F. P$ ~3 g* `" ]0 n2 N" K; h  They will tell you that they are living/lived/will live/have lived in shanghai. 他们会告诉你他们正住在上海/在上海住过/将住在上海/一直住在上海。
, r8 F+ T' d$ K  ?4 A+ M/ c  (2)主句是过去时态时,从句的时态要注意下列几点:
% F# A5 G- |6 U6 X  A. 从句与主句动作同时发生,从句须用一般过去时或过去进行时。
0 U" \& G, I6 C9 m$ C  I thought he studied hard. 我认为他学习努力。 2 p) |+ P' F9 F
  He told me his son was watching TV. 他告诉我他儿子在看电视。
4 h4 ?9 u$ C- V% x0 V. o7 w  B. 从句动作发生在主句动作之后,从句须用过去将来时。例如: 8 l9 _* }4 q$ }8 ~3 A
  He said he would post the letter. 他说他将要寄这封信。 2 q. ]& _  c( W- x( d4 q, L
  They did not know when they would go to the Great Wall. 他们不知道什么时候去参观长城。
( h! a/ |7 n4 N/ l+ @5 T8 \0 z9 h  C. 从句动作发生在主句动作之前,从句须用过去完成时。例如:
+ l5 a& j0 @4 J) ]  He said he had posted the letter。 他说已经把信发了。 ; g( l) N# ~7 P
  They asked me whether I had been there before. 他们问我以前去没去过那里。
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