大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义28

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　　Though I like the dress, it doesn’t fit me. 尽管我喜欢那件连衣裙，但穿着不合适。(不说Though the dress is liked by me, I’m not fitted by the dress.)
! V" m9 o- H& @0 K/ d0 H　　We lack manpower at the moment. 我们现在缺少人手。(不说Manpower is lacked by us at the moment.)
　　My computer cost me seven hundred and ninety dollars. 我花了790美元买这台计算机。
$ X* |- H# s; Q! i+ \8 @2 t) k　　She resembles her father. 她像她父亲。(不说her father is resembled by her.)
　　3、短语动词中有些用于被动结构，有些不可以。但没有规律可循，只能个别掌握：
4 C' s3 Q5 l1 M6 q* Q　　I was very well looked after when I was working there. 我在那里工作的时候，得到很好的照顾。
/ K! f# j( n2 ~) j( Y8 E& q. @　　An overpass is being put up at the corner of the street. 在那条街的拐角处正在建起一个过街天桥。
! F$ I4 z; u3 y, F　　Everybody agreed with me. 大家都同意我的意见。(不能说 I was agreed with by everybody.)
! c, h: g% Q, m' j) O2 C2 ^5 v# `( g　　I walked into the house. 我走进房子。(不能说The house was walked into.)
6 n; {; E, h* g: o0 F  s/ P5 _! M$ N6 E5 o　　I broke into the house. 我破门而入那栋房子。(却可以说The house was broken into by me.)
/ A, D# Q2 J; ~　　4、反身代词和each other, one another作宾语时不能变为被动。例如：
　　They acknowledged themselves to be defeated. 他们承认他们自己被击败了。
　　She praised herself. 她自我表扬。
　　He ruined himself. 他毁了自己。
: H6 H# h' F: ~, W$ X$ L, B　　5、下列及物动词有特殊的宾语，也不能变为被动语态：
　　The police officer shouted his loudest to stop the car. 警官用最大的声音喊叫，想叫住那辆车。
0 d! @* d% L! a- ^　　The famous actress breathed her last. 那位著名的女影星咽气了。
* B. A9 N) D2 p/ V% g　　She nodded her approval. 她点头同意。
) p- T2 L1 _1 i* w! c& q　　I smiled my thanks. 我微笑致谢。
5 q, `3 S7 f. M) |. d7 G- O　　He wishes to be somebody. 他想成个人物。
　　He enjoys taking pictures. 他喜欢摄影。
　　Keep silence, please. 请保持安静。
% y& _; ]% s4 z' i) n　　They usually take a walk after supper. 他们通常晚饭后散步。
　　(八)关于被动语态的几点说明
9 z2 O" P2 N9 A! Y5 F　　1、有些动词形式上是主动，意义上是被动。例如:
9 r5 Z9 ?. e5 j2 }3 d/ `; V9 u) S! R　　School begins in September. 学校九月份开学。
9 s" d1 z# k  u* U0 I, Q　　The library doesn’t open on Sunday. 图书馆星期天不开放。
5 N" {* l9 r6 @; g7 b4 `* @　　The machine runs well. 这台机器容易操作。
+ n# ]2 R$ h/ y; P& i% \* c7 N8 \6 W　　My pen writes well. 我的钢笔好使。
　　The cloth washes well. 这料子耐洗。
　　The dictionary sells well. 这词典销路很好。
　　The book hardly sells. 这书买不出去。
　　The door will not shut/lock. 门关/锁不上。
　　Am I to blame? 我该受责备吗?
　　The house is to let. 房子要出租。
　　The story is interesting to read. 这故事读起来很有趣。
　　The film is worth seeing. 这片子值得一看。
! b% |$ H, |% [" G　　Your shirt needs washing. 你的衬衫该洗了。