大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义29

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　　2、make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。但在被动语态中，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：
+ p& @# M5 t4 c: U, t8 l3 W　　They made him go. 他们让他去。
　　He was made to go. 他被要求去了。
. s! e! n7 u  ^3 {　　I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我听见他向他的朋友说再见。
　　He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。
　　3、除助动词be外，动词get有时也可跟过去分词构成被动语态，是比较口语化的一种被动语态。这种结构中很少用by短语。例如:
　　I got lost in the huge market. 在那个巨大的市场中我迷失了方向。
% U) N7 ]) c$ q2 ^1 w　　You might get killed/hurt. 你会送命/受伤的。
& X- A8 d9 e+ e% J2 H! t8 a　　In the end this story got translated into English. 这故事最后被译成了英文。
1 `0 n: h- |6 F: U. |- H  Q0 e# ~　　His car got damaged in a road accident.  他的车在交通事故中被毁了。
　　4、“have/get+宾语+过去分词”这个句型也表达了一种被动的意思。如：
  l! I3 _' b# i# p; p' l7 M$ C　　I’ll have the bike repaired in no time. 我一会就把自行车修好。
　　I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sunday when I was shopping. 上星期天买东西的时候我的钱夹被盗。
　　He got his leg broken when playing football.  踢足球的时候他把腿弄断了。
7 ~/ m! k) L8 v　　I bought these books at a discount and had two hundred dollars saved. 我打折买了这些书，省了两百美元。
9 U$ }) T; U/ S% Z3 K　　5、在need, want, require后面，主动的-ing形式表达被动的意思：
. r5 }% `  }1 E9 l. z　　My watch needs cleaning. (=…needs to be cleaned) 我的表需要清洗。
0 @4 b# s( z' W- J* ]3 u6 D- q0 C　　Your garden needs watering. (=…to be watered) 你的花园需要浇水。
" V8 @- `: D4 Z& j7 u" y  A　　Does your suit require pressing, sir? 先生，您的衣服要烫吗?
　　The car wants servicing.  这汽车要检修。
% b' |1 X) @- P  m　　(九)练习
　　1、将下列句子变成被动语态：[主要步骤是：把原句的宾语变成主语(代词宾格要变成主格);把原句的谓语动词变成被动形式(注意：时态不变，新谓语动词与新主语要一致，疑问句要注意助动词的转换)。复合句中如有可能主句和从句都要变成被动语态。]
, @: g6 q3 p: y, e　　1)He gave me a present.
　　I was given a present by him.
　　2)My sister made the soup.
　　The soup was made by my sister.
　　3)The workers could not find the manager anywhere in the factory.
　　The manager could not be found anywhere in the factory by the workers.
　　4)The army engineers and soldiers have built a bridge over the river.
　　A bridge has been built over the river by the army engineers and soldiers.
  D9 w& S  `. U, d" ~0 I　　5)The police will surely arrest the thieves.
　　The thieves will surely be arrested by the police.
! P: ~( J0 Q, v/ s　　6)My brother will repair my bike for me.
　　My bike will be repaired by my brother.
　　7)You must clean your watch once a year.
1 G* _. m% K9 I( u- _　　Your watch must be cleaned once a year.
" e0 Z3 f  Y& v0 L! r+ h  C　　8)I didn’t tell you Xiao Wang could do the job.
　　You were not told (that) the job could be done by Xiao Wang.