大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义35

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If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
9 @) M" T* W0 O6 j　　要是她工作更努力些，她本是成功的。
　　If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
" G6 b# p0 O: U  x　　会上我没有见到你妹妹。如果她来了，她就见到我哥哥了。
) X# H# w  h5 C9 m　　I didn’t see your younger sister at the meeting. If she had come, she would have met my elder brother.
　　3、表示与将来事实相反的假设，对将来表示怀疑，或将来的动作不太可能实现时，条件状语从句和主句的谓语动词有以下形式：(见表) 条件状语从句的动词形式(三种)
3 C% m5 _( @* d4 M主句的动词形式
(1)if十主语+动词过去式(be的过去式用were)，通常要与一个表示将来的时间状语连用.
(2)If+主语(任何人称和数)+should+动词原形
(3)if+主语(任何人称和数)+were to+动词原形
I(we)should+动词原形
4 n2 u* X! b# F. {+ f+ \& }8 W主语+would (might, could)+动词原形
　　请看以下句子：
　　1)If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off. (说明：The weather has been very changeable these days.) 条件状语从句的谓语动词用现在时，表示说话人认为下雨的可能性很大。
& w6 m" l7 K5 z0 l　　2)If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (说明：The weather has been very good these days.) 条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去时，表示说话人认为下雨的可能性不大。
. ]* t1 f% M( ?0 L( ~  P/ J　　3)If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (万一明天下雨，我们的野餐就推迟)。条件状语从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形，说明下雨的可能性很小或没有可能，如果下雨，那将是出乎意料的。
　　4)If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.这句话与上一句意思几乎一模一样。
　　If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.
　　If she were to miss the train tomorrow, she might come back and start off again the day after tomorrow.
　　万一你失败了，你准备怎么办?
　　If you should fail, what would you do?
　　要是我明天真的见到她，我就把真相告诉她。
　　If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.
　　万一明天下雨，会议就推迟。
$ [6 b, k" c( J　　If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
& m$ n: K6 r% Y" ?1 p　　我打赌巴西会赢得世界杯。要是巴西输了，我就请你搓一顿。
% a4 C+ S  I! ~　　I bet Brazil will win the World Cup. If it should lose, I would treat you a meal.
( x0 ]' a0 }4 x! V" I! o6 M1 d$ r　　4、当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。这与以上三种情况不同，虚拟语气的谓语动词形式没有遵循以上规律。
　　For example:
3 G& f) ?2 ]8 \4 V; s: `! l　　If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。)
　　If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
! q+ z  i0 N* l% N2 H4 L　　If I were you, I would have gone home.
) |) C) _; D% p2 O  K　　Now let’s do some translation:
* @' v0 u6 ^5 V* q2 i, C9 ]　　如果她过去没有刻苦训练的话，就不会跑得这么快。(从句动作指的是过去，主句指的是现在的情况)(Fact: She has trained very hard, so she is able to run very fast now.)
　　If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.
6 y; e3 z! g) [  T. B# w　　如果你当初每天都练习说英语的话，你的英语就会说得很好。(从句动作指的是过去，主句指的是现在的情况) (fact: You didn’t practice speaking English very hard every day, so you can’t speak English very well )