大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义39

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　　7. 在表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词，如arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest, beg, move(提议)后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should 可以省略，而引导宾语从句的that 不能省略。例如：
" j! g& e3 ]: M( n! U; [6 o　　We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.
% V7 m  s. ?- s) X　　We insisted that they (should) go with us.
, {2 t0 G" v8 ?* r' o4 Y　　The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
2 T" O1 Y: W3 k　　He demanded that we (should) start right away.
　　The commander ordered that the bridge (should) be bombed.
　　The villagers requested that the old building not be pulled down.
　　Now let’s do some translation:
0 Z% B1 F" f4 I  ^' M9 G　　总经理坚持该项目必须按计划执行。
　　The general manager insisted that the project be carried out as planned.
. a& _# I$ Z3 a/ I2 ]" L　　省长请求再给他一次机会。
' q$ R8 s( J1 V# [" b* p8 U　　The governor requested that he be given another chance.
　　美国要求伊朗必须无条件放弃其核武器计划。
0 p* B+ h( i; v, {　　The United States demanded that Iran should unconditionally give up its nuclear weapon program (program to develop nuclear weapons)
  n- d6 j2 z2 s+ q: e4 w　　最高法院裁定此案必须重新审理。
2 L* K6 Z+ @$ T　　The Supreme Court ruled that this case be retried.
, G- M, k8 s4 a　　医生建议，即使在节假日人们也不应该熬夜。
" `3 X6 B7 \! A' m% A, P7 P　　Doctors suggest that people should not stay up late even on holidays.
　　注意：suggest 表示“暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。Insist后面强调的是事实时，宾语从句也不用虚拟语气。如：
; q8 `; B& \; \- j4 v　　The neighbor suggested that his wife was having an affair.
: S" T! s: ~- f　　He insisted that he was right.
　　Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.
4 Y* p2 a- J6 z+ Y　　8、使用上述表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词派生的名词，或在这些动词用作名词时，名词之后的从句用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should 可以省略。从句的引导词that 不能省略。这与上述第7项类似。如：
0 m$ ?# J: `: u5 b' S* z" C　　He made a request that he (should) be allowed to take 3 days off. = He requested that he be allowed to take 3 days off.
) w( i7 z8 J# i5 m- J' b　　Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized. = We suggest that education not be industrialized.
　　The president’s decision is that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time. =The president decided that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time.
　　9、上述动词在It is suggested that…, It is required that…, It’s requested that…, It’s ordered that…, It’s arranged that…句型中，that 之后的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用should+动词原形, should 可以省略，但引导词that 不能省略。如：
3 f5 m2 f- c- t) W' H) Y　　It was suggested that he attend the conference.
　　It was requested that the trial be openly reported.
　　10、在It’s important (imperative, necessary, essential, vital, desirable, advisable, better) that…句型中，that 引导的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用should + 动词原形,should可以省略。这个句型表示说话人的意见、要求等。
# G. G& s, {$ G& ?, e$ Q+ U　　For example:
( W# I# }# O7 S$ I' L& n9 q% i# ]　　It is essential that there should be enough food and clothing for the winter.
　　It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July.
4 y7 B4 h9 v1 ^　　It is imperative that the board chairman be present at the board meeting.
　　另外，在一些习惯用语中也有虚拟语气的形式。但最好把这些习惯用语作为一种句型来记住。如：
$ y' [& i( A' \  f　　May you be happy!
/ N: Y, n4 K: |1 s7 ^; U) t　　May you succeed!
　　Long live the People’s Republic of China!
　　Everybody leave the room!
( d3 \2 T3 }1 q- N$ i　　You had better not resign.
' g" @8 ?* y) N6 k% F/ \3 a* ^+ s" T　　I would rather not tell you.
- Q9 |1 n% K, P, T  D4 Q　　总之，虚拟语气是英语中的一个难点，因为虚拟语气的用法和句型较多，动词的变化比较复杂。在学习的时候要逐个过关。同时，也要善于发现虚拟语气的规律。根据动词的变化，大致可以把虚拟语气分为三种：
* x# V! w8 j! d- G6 W7 u6 y6 ^! k　　一种是动词用过去式，过去分词式，或过去将来式，这主要是用if…, wish, suppose的情况;
: Q: G5 L+ T% ?7 T; O" y　　一种是动词用should+动词原形(should可以省略)，这主要用于表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词或名词后面所接的从句，以及It is important (necessary) that…后面所接的从句;
# I/ i+ Y! m* `　　一种是动词用过去式，如It is (high) time (that)…和I would rather 后面的从句。同学们还可以自己总结适合自己的规律，如把虚拟语气句型可以分为用于简单句、条件状语从句、宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、定语从句、同位语从句等。