Never to offend anyone is my principle. 永远不得罪任何人就是我的原则。
: M. ^" m7 c2 n It’s against nature to remain single. 保持单身是违反自然的。$ Q6 V0 h- q0 m6 ^- H) E
To see is to believe.   眼见为实。8 j9 ~. m0 p9 j. A, K
For a dog to die like that is a terrible thing. = It is a terrible thing for a dog to die like that.- v- k5 N2 A1 v5 n; B$ ]2 v' I
一条狗象那样死去是一件可怕的事。(for a dog是不定式的主语)% g _2 H1 n" l
For one to know everything is impossible.= It’s impossible for one to know everything.
- G4 Z$ i4 P+ [7 O9 B0 T5 W8 k 一个人什么都知道是不可能的。$ ]7 ^" A' v& }0 m3 h* M
For his brother John to go to sea seems natural.= It seems natural for his brother John to go to sea. 他兄弟John去当水手是很自然的事。
; D! _! ^9 }2 U# Y# e* U It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her. 你要是把她忘了,那可太不应该了。4 H1 I4 `$ @) c9 S( U
It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation. 我们不接受邀请不合适。(否定)7 A0 d* e" x( _
It has not yet been decided when and where to discuss her resignation. 何时何地讨论她的辞职还没定。
5 r8 d5 f* P' a/ i+ z; L# s 但是,下列形容词做表语时,不定式的逻辑主语由 of 引出:
7 h1 [4 h! {! d R, ^0 h) X# C$ f careless粗心的,clever聪明的,cruel残忍的,foolish愚蠢的,good好的,kind好心的 ,naughty淘气的,nice好的,polite礼貌的,right正确的,rude无礼的 ,silly愚蠢的,stupid傻的,unwise不明智的,wise明智的,wrong错误的,等等。7 w7 O$ m5 ^9 q" ^6 h* Z
为什么这些词要用 of 引出不定式呢? q* R5 z% @7 ~7 ^
因为这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。“It is + 形容词 +of sb + to do sth”这样的句型更强调某人如何如何,可以改写为:“Sb + be + 形容词 + to do sth.” 而“for sb to do sth”这一结构更强调做某事如何如何。例如:# _- C/ i8 Y0 O$ a" S1 [! F% f" g, p T
1、 It is difficult for me to learn English. 更强调学英语很难,不能写成, x( S* \, {" J5 i9 e' e
   I am difficult to learn English. (这句话含有逻辑错误。)( g& L( }4 I9 f8 ~% \" I5 o
2、 It is unwise of you to go to the United States at this time. =You are unwise to go to the United States at this time. 强调你不明智。
8 N8 N$ c7 ]. [, h It’s very kind of you to come to see us off. =You’re kind to come to see us off. 你来为我们送行太好了。
* {2 H: u9 }1 h It’s unwise of him to drink and smoke so much.=He is unwise to drink and smoke so much. 他喝这么多酒、抽这么多烟是不明智的。
& ^3 m+ B. P$ G% A+ \; s/ O It’s extremely cruel of John to kill animals. John杀害动物真是残忍之极。% r/ Z6 ]8 t" g! U L- Z
It’s rude/polite of Jack to say this to her.  Jack对她说这个,很无礼/礼貌。2 i( ~5 t( g$ q9 \9 O$ _" A
(二)作宾语及宾语补语。5 b$ f6 f8 P: o5 o
1、有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有:afford负担得起,agree同意,arrange安排,ask要求,attempt试图,beg乞求,begin开始,choose选择,claim声称,consent同意,dare敢,decide决定,decline谢绝,desire欲想,demand要求,determine决心,expect期待,fail失败,forget忘记,hate讨厌,help帮助,hope希望,intend打算,learn学习,like喜欢,long渴望,manage设法,mean打算,need需要,offer主动提出,plan计划,prefer更喜欢,prepare准备,pretend假装,promise答应,refuse拒绝,remember记得,seek寻求,seem好像,tend倾向,threaten威胁,undertake承担,volunteer志愿,want想要,wish希望等。
& v) r1 y6 m% v1 k2 j; i% S# s I agreed to support him. 我答应支持他。
3 J1 T7 n2 {( u, i He said he wanted to be a professor. 他说他想当教授。
4 q4 Y! ~, G8 o4 ^8 J2 V! M/ r My daughter preferred to have eggs and milk for breakfast when she was in her twenties.
+ f' c" o' K% ^% p8 G, n3 s8 P 我女儿二十几岁时早饭喜欢吃鸡蛋和牛奶。
2 \& T/ ^6 d2 g5 H& O- L 2、不定式可以和how, which, what, who, whom, whose, when, where还有whether等词连用作宾语。常跟这种结构作宾语的动词有:ask询问,advise建议,consider考虑,decide决定,discover发现,discuss讨论,explain解释,find out查明,forget忘记,inquire打听,know知道,learn学会,remember记得,show演示,tell告诉,teach教,think想,understand懂得,wonder想知道,等等。例如:
9 \' n; q5 r A p I don’t know where to get so much money. 我不知道去哪里搞这么多钱。
( _2 ~0 N9 {8 q6 S, N They haven’t decided whether to leave or stay. 他们还没决定是走还是留。 |