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[四级词汇语法] 大学英语四级考试:语法笔记讲义42

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发表于 2012-8-14 00:30:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  Never to offend anyone is my principle. 永远不得罪任何人就是我的原则。: Q  ^1 l8 s1 |: D+ \
  It’s against nature to remain single. 保持单身是违反自然的。8 a9 u3 d/ Y- ~0 S" T; O9 b' M( ^
  To see is to believe.   眼见为实。
$ x: m7 x+ u9 c2 [) r/ i# ]  For a dog to die like that is a terrible thing. = It is a terrible thing for a dog to die like that.
/ J* }% D4 L4 S/ E6 g( M. l  一条狗象那样死去是一件可怕的事。(for a dog是不定式的主语)8 C4 t) _( M2 @6 ~5 e6 S! B
  For one to know everything is impossible.= It’s impossible for one to know everything.5 w! W+ A8 H$ Y  v- h" e
  一个人什么都知道是不可能的。; g- ]+ @  {. V  v: k2 ~! m  W# G
  For his brother John to go to sea seems natural.= It seems natural for his brother John to go to sea. 他兄弟John去当水手是很自然的事。
. ^2 ?, z4 g2 N1 N0 Z, S  It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her. 你要是把她忘了,那可太不应该了。
6 R$ A* W6 H# p7 A' N8 q0 w  It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation. 我们不接受邀请不合适。(否定); q/ f. q2 x) v) q. Z+ E$ l
  It has not yet been decided when and where to discuss her resignation. 何时何地讨论她的辞职还没定。5 M# s5 h; N$ Z# s$ y& l( L
  但是,下列形容词做表语时,不定式的逻辑主语由 of 引出:( |2 C. p; }+ u: u( ]: _* q
  careless粗心的,clever聪明的,cruel残忍的,foolish愚蠢的,good好的,kind好心的 ,naughty淘气的,nice好的,polite礼貌的,right正确的,rude无礼的 ,silly愚蠢的,stupid傻的,unwise不明智的,wise明智的,wrong错误的,等等。2 e/ u- c+ R3 Q3 @: C, v+ x: q
  为什么这些词要用 of 引出不定式呢?4 w' z( U& o! W& s. r; Y
  因为这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。“It is + 形容词 +of sb + to do sth”这样的句型更强调某人如何如何,可以改写为:“Sb + be + 形容词 + to do sth.” 而“for sb to do sth”这一结构更强调做某事如何如何。例如:3 W2 R, ~$ E+ d9 ^
  1、 It is difficult for me to learn English. 更强调学英语很难,不能写成! l0 v# r3 p6 }! }$ ?
     I am difficult to learn English. (这句话含有逻辑错误。)
3 S5 s, S& V' u5 ^  2、 It is unwise of you to go to the United States at this time. =You are unwise to go to the United States at this time. 强调你不明智。0 d. t  N0 |  t
  It’s very kind of you to come to see us off. =You’re kind to come to see us off. 你来为我们送行太好了。
5 \! j3 F4 K  x: g  b  It’s unwise of him to drink and smoke so much.=He is unwise to drink and smoke so much. 他喝这么多酒、抽这么多烟是不明智的。
9 H7 a' i3 A2 O6 e# |/ K/ h  It’s extremely cruel of John to kill animals. John杀害动物真是残忍之极。
3 I8 T5 A8 ~, Q* L0 z  It’s rude/polite of Jack to say this to her.  Jack对她说这个,很无礼/礼貌。' K0 ?) Z% U4 B9 w5 ]
  (二)作宾语及宾语补语。
2 x: ?, _* b; U& k  1、有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有:afford负担得起,agree同意,arrange安排,ask要求,attempt试图,beg乞求,begin开始,choose选择,claim声称,consent同意,dare敢,decide决定,decline谢绝,desire欲想,demand要求,determine决心,expect期待,fail失败,forget忘记,hate讨厌,help帮助,hope希望,intend打算,learn学习,like喜欢,long渴望,manage设法,mean打算,need需要,offer主动提出,plan计划,prefer更喜欢,prepare准备,pretend假装,promise答应,refuse拒绝,remember记得,seek寻求,seem好像,tend倾向,threaten威胁,undertake承担,volunteer志愿,want想要,wish希望等。
, u, Y  I1 d% q# ?6 S( b4 g) u* P  I agreed to support him. 我答应支持他。% Q# r! A* p" ], D2 j( n6 n/ l
  He said he wanted to be a professor. 他说他想当教授。& [2 j2 E+ `1 b; ?# v# c) G9 R) u
  My daughter preferred to have eggs and milk for breakfast when she was in her twenties.
& D/ p) }+ {& J/ G8 D# d: |  j5 p  我女儿二十几岁时早饭喜欢吃鸡蛋和牛奶。; q- Y8 S! U* ^9 P; }- V& I
  2、不定式可以和how, which, what, who, whom, whose, when, where还有whether等词连用作宾语。常跟这种结构作宾语的动词有:ask询问,advise建议,consider考虑,decide决定,discover发现,discuss讨论,explain解释,find out查明,forget忘记,inquire打听,know知道,learn学会,remember记得,show演示,tell告诉,teach教,think想,understand懂得,wonder想知道,等等。例如:
" d) F+ _- f: n3 c' R- f  I don’t know where to get so much money. 我不知道去哪里搞这么多钱。
9 y/ O$ [" G* K7 ?; A* r* v  They haven’t decided whether to leave or stay. 他们还没决定是走还是留。
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