此外,这种不定式结构还可作主语,表语,和介词宾语等。
" J$ m5 t8 o' V8 m How to live a happy life is a difficult question to answer. 怎样过幸福生活是个很难回答的问题
. @- w( c4 b9 O3 o The question is whom to choose for the position. 问题是这个位置选谁。
# |( g1 r# O, U+ t That was a discussion about how to increase their strength. 那是一次关于怎样增强他们力量的讨论。 * Y- s( i2 o' v+ O( j0 c: U; @( v" `
He said nothing about what to do with her. 关于拿她怎么办,他啥也没说。 - \! F" }' m. j) @+ h) H# Y# ~
She asked my suggestion just now about where to go for her holidays. 关于去哪里度假,她刚才征求了我的意见。 - [( O- ~0 E8 d* s
3、有些动词需要不定式作宾语补足语。这种动词常见的有:ask请求,advise劝告,allow允许,beg乞求,believe相信,call on号召,cause促使,compel强迫,command指挥,direct指导,enable使…能够,encourage鼓励,expect期望,feel觉得,force迫使,get使得,hate不喜欢,have使,hear听见,help帮助,inspire鼓舞,intend 打算,invite邀请,instruct指示,know知道,lead引导,let让,like喜欢,listen to 听,look at看,make 使得, notice注意到, observe观察,order命令,permit允许,persuade说服,prefer更喜欢,press施加压力,remind提醒,request请求,teach教,tell告诉,urge敦促,want 想要,warn警告,wish希望,等等。 " q8 j3 ~' y7 _5 P$ S
I asked my mother to buy a new bike for me. 我请求妈妈给我买辆新自行车。 9 c* z+ l% R6 _" b
Tony knew his girl friend to be a shy college student. 托尼知道他的女朋友是一个害羞的大学生。 M1 f# {+ w% L
They helped you to get on the bus, didn’t they? 他们帮你上了汽车, 是吗?
; _7 e) y2 x0 p- c 4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。这样的动词有:feel觉得,have使,hear听见,help帮助,let让,listen to 听,look at看,make使,notice 注意,see看见,observe 观察,watch观看 等,一类是感官动词,一类是使役动词。 ' w2 y( f9 l0 g1 `1 N0 q8 W
A policeman saw the accident happen. 一位警察看见事故发生。 1 O2 p' D0 h+ Y3 _
We listened to her talk about her experience abroad. 我们听她讲国外的经历。 & O" A4 f, X! L+ E! J, l" ~' n& Z1 {
We’d be glad to have you work with us. 我们会很高兴有你和我们一起工作。
3 T4 G! v- W9 r! E6 \. e { 上述help后面的不定式省掉to与保留to都可以。在被动语态中,上述动词后面的不定式要把省去的to还原。 . c% c* x9 Z3 ] E6 \; s2 ?% A
I heard the dog come in. 我听见那条狗进来。 / O" ?6 s# A$ Z6 j6 b, Q5 [2 q
=The dog was heard to come in. 有人听见那条狗进来。
6 U8 \: ?3 H6 @/ i( [ I saw her go out by bike. 我看见她骑着自行车出去了。 - N& K E* x( @8 w4 \7 g; x
=She was seen to go out by bike. 有人看见她骑着自行车出去了。
# b& ~! s7 T4 f+ h; t7 p$ e1 _6 n Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?   我可以帮着搬起这个沉重的箱子吗? $ `# a% i a: v
You may as well help me (to)get things straight. 你不妨帮我把东西整理好。 8 ~) ]( J5 y2 c1 J( M
She helped the old woman (to) cross the street. 他帮助那位老妇人过街 # q) q! d" y1 c- Z ^, Q
在had better(最好),would rather(宁愿),would sooner(宁愿),would (just) as soon(宁愿),cannot but(不能不,不由得不),cannot help but(不能不,不由得不)等成语后面也跟不带to的不定式: : }% D/ T0 a' G- V% p0 h
He would rather listen to others than talk himself. 他宁愿听别人也不愿自己说。 ( e" I& X) y# E# r
He would sooner play than work. 他宁愿玩也不愿干活。
9 G; r5 x1 n8 v- p9 I+ u5 k You had better go away right now. 你最好立即就走。 ( {/ @, g, r; t6 ]7 I h
I would rather take this method. 我倒愿意采取这个办法。
i6 x! Q1 ~/ I* p I’d rather walk than take a bus. 我宁可走也不愿坐公共汽车。
8 K; u. t, k# Q She’d rather die than lose the children. 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。 : v: `- [6 L) \0 X% y
I’d rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.
1 U, E5 J1 |- x( W9 p She’d sooner stay at home.
4 q& M, y# s5 x+ k0 L0 }3 O I would as soon do it by myself. # B7 z+ a, n! k1 t) _
I would just as soon stay as go. 我宁愿住下也不愿去。 |