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[四级词汇语法] 大学英语四级考试:语法笔记讲义53

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发表于 2012-8-14 00:30:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  例如:+ V% ^5 R: m' `% \3 I( _
  He avoided giving me a definite answer. 他避免给我一个正确答案。
. a" b$ K) ~% q# l0 T7 v. B  David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt.  戴维建议卖掉你的狗和车抵债。% F% t$ s/ e" S2 I: i- q
  (我们把这句话改为虚拟语气:David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. )5 W5 S0 u9 f6 n3 \
  I couldn’t risk missing that train. 我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。
. x4 y5 I, b% Y% E  下列动词既可用动词不定式又可用动名词做宾语:
. f" z% [# w  U2 x  ?  abhor憎恶,attempt 试图,begin 开始,cannot bear 无法忍受,cannot stand无法忍受,cease停止,continue,继续,,decline 拒绝,deserve值得,disdain蔑视,dread害怕,endure忍耐,forget忘记,hate 痛恨,intend打算,learn学,like 喜欢,loathe厌恶,love喜欢,mean意思是、意味着,need需要,neglect疏忽,omit省略,忽略,plan计划,prefer更喜欢,propose建议,regret后悔,remember记得,require需要,scorn蔑视、瞧不起,start开始,try尝试,努力,entail必须,involve涉及,necessitate使成为必要,等。以上多数动词用不定式或用动名词作宾语意思一样,个别不同。
$ }/ G- S; o6 m/ j! P! W  (三)动名词短语作介词宾语的时候最多。尤其是在短语动词后面。如:5 T( b3 _% E% D; p! r' Q4 j
  The children are fond of listening to pop music. 孩子们喜欢流行音乐。
/ K7 ]" y3 `/ v) e0 }% a  Are you interested in going to the show? 你有兴趣去看演出吗?
3 P' Y7 x9 [$ d  Thomas insisted on doing it in his own way.  托马斯坚持按他自己的方法做这件事。
. M5 d# ]8 `3 N! b+ S6 k! r2 a0 \, u  我们把这句话改为虚拟语气:Thomas insisted that he (should) do it in his own way.
' ?0 t! v7 \3 L  Excuse me for interrupting you. 请原谅我打扰你,# O/ d) ]0 Q8 k* d' H! D1 [7 h
  Since returning from Xi’an, he has been busy. 从西安回来后,他一直很忙。
7 `- U9 p% |( c. h( k$ J  He warned me against swimming in this lake.   他警告我不要在这个湖里游泳。: s# m! S- C; k) e5 b+ q  ?
  改为不定式短语:He warned me not to swim in this lake.
9 R3 u, E2 }. I5 h  Y& ^# j0 f  We came out without being seen. 我们出来没被人看见。
/ n* b; \' k9 |  Before finishing your homework, you’d better not go out.  做完作业之前,你最好别出去。
, ?* J! G3 |# T; Q9 J* [8 e; F5 }  改为用before 作连词:Before you finish your homework, you’d better not go out.& j$ i# N, v% y$ |  T, U
  (四)动名词也可以有自己的逻辑主语,就是在动名词短语前面加上物主代词或名词的所有格。带逻辑主语的动名词短语可做主语,宾语,表语等。在非正式文体当中,经常把物主代词简化为宾格人称代词,把名词所有格简化为名词。例如:
# N8 v  h  b, ?6 \  I insisted on his (him) going to the cinema with me. 我坚持要他和我一起去看电影。
: [  p+ I) E" Q! ^: W  I can hardly imagine Peter(Peter’s) sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 我简直不能想象彼得会在五天内横渡大西洋。8 m' _- k; B# d' u* G+ n
  Linda’s coming will do you good.(主语) 林达的到来对你有好处。
  H8 i% \8 b# n* B/ {% i0 [! w8 p  What made him angry was their (them) laughing.(表语)使他生气的是他们笑。6 t! W+ F+ b- k8 h! x( ~. Z
  (五)动名词的完成式和被动语态:
. ~) E; V1 a( r$ l7 Z' x2 i  (1)完成式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。例如:3 [" A4 P# n7 q; O+ }/ q8 o
  I apologize for having broken my promise. 我没有遵守诺言,我道歉。* T+ I' A$ x1 E0 o4 ?6 D
  I don’t remember having talked with him before.   我不记得以前曾和他谈过话。/ X( m$ l4 Q8 v! ?5 R, `3 |. o9 L& r  g
  恨不相逢未嫁时。 → I regret not having met you before my marriage/before I got married.
( y1 H( ~) X  Z3 l$ V- F  (2)当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的对象或承受者时,动名词要用被动语态。例如:0 w: F+ v, q5 o8 V( C
  I could no longer stand being treated like that. 我再也不能忍受被那样对待。: Z- S0 F; R/ v9 l
  She was proud of having been trained in the U.K. 在英国受过训,她感到自豪。" E( U- j: V, T
  他不喜欢嘲笑别人。 →He doesn’t like laughing at others.
7 z6 r! G% C4 q0 y; i5 u  他不喜欢被人嘲笑。→He doesn’t like being laughed at.
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