例如:8 U4 M% M+ m! K. x0 ~% S6 O5 S
He avoided giving me a definite answer. 他避免给我一个正确答案。8 S, d W# z$ z) X# F
David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt.  戴维建议卖掉你的狗和车抵债。
/ T* X6 W' d6 G# J) ?- k6 f (我们把这句话改为虚拟语气:David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. )+ T/ T/ R! e; x
I couldn’t risk missing that train. 我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。
/ Q* [4 Q: O/ R( b- Q" B! c 下列动词既可用动词不定式又可用动名词做宾语:
: Y& {- E7 K* @+ \: `3 B abhor憎恶,attempt 试图,begin 开始,cannot bear 无法忍受,cannot stand无法忍受,cease停止,continue,继续,,decline 拒绝,deserve值得,disdain蔑视,dread害怕,endure忍耐,forget忘记,hate 痛恨,intend打算,learn学,like 喜欢,loathe厌恶,love喜欢,mean意思是、意味着,need需要,neglect疏忽,omit省略,忽略,plan计划,prefer更喜欢,propose建议,regret后悔,remember记得,require需要,scorn蔑视、瞧不起,start开始,try尝试,努力,entail必须,involve涉及,necessitate使成为必要,等。以上多数动词用不定式或用动名词作宾语意思一样,个别不同。. u" U3 P4 s2 r( |1 [
(三)动名词短语作介词宾语的时候最多。尤其是在短语动词后面。如:
2 a% L& ^$ c4 U2 A The children are fond of listening to pop music. 孩子们喜欢流行音乐。
% k4 D7 {: |, ?/ Z! i Are you interested in going to the show? 你有兴趣去看演出吗?7 T% f- N- C0 V, r
Thomas insisted on doing it in his own way.  托马斯坚持按他自己的方法做这件事。
4 m) o4 T' W( |" a 我们把这句话改为虚拟语气:Thomas insisted that he (should) do it in his own way.
9 b. I& ]. f3 n( e1 e: R Excuse me for interrupting you. 请原谅我打扰你,. V( }( w5 I( g& H7 P" e. q6 z- ?
Since returning from Xi’an, he has been busy. 从西安回来后,他一直很忙。
% t, a% T* t: G% ~0 } d9 P He warned me against swimming in this lake.   他警告我不要在这个湖里游泳。* G4 L; R6 H6 F; M( U
改为不定式短语:He warned me not to swim in this lake.) Q3 ^7 B% U# A& k9 \4 X
We came out without being seen. 我们出来没被人看见。
+ e/ b- D5 G: r! _5 H* Q% H4 v+ K Before finishing your homework, you’d better not go out.  做完作业之前,你最好别出去。2 O2 R2 y% g o& P5 `
改为用before 作连词:Before you finish your homework, you’d better not go out. y9 S! f- X2 ^/ b5 z* @: e% I. f
(四)动名词也可以有自己的逻辑主语,就是在动名词短语前面加上物主代词或名词的所有格。带逻辑主语的动名词短语可做主语,宾语,表语等。在非正式文体当中,经常把物主代词简化为宾格人称代词,把名词所有格简化为名词。例如:' D6 [% K% @/ |3 \
I insisted on his (him) going to the cinema with me. 我坚持要他和我一起去看电影。
7 I, a$ `0 t7 P' X5 r5 F L I can hardly imagine Peter(Peter’s) sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 我简直不能想象彼得会在五天内横渡大西洋。
* z( x; d: b4 P5 Y4 s% ] Linda’s coming will do you good.(主语) 林达的到来对你有好处。& X) Q7 k+ I5 p9 s, B: _
What made him angry was their (them) laughing.(表语)使他生气的是他们笑。
% F. s3 Q/ m6 v9 k) j$ W (五)动名词的完成式和被动语态:
7 q, A! b5 ~, Z9 f& A" m( Q (1)完成式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。例如:
) s; N. x! f! a: L, `5 Y/ ]4 `4 z1 q' H I apologize for having broken my promise. 我没有遵守诺言,我道歉。1 D( S, e; q9 Y4 a) e' b. W6 c/ A
I don’t remember having talked with him before.   我不记得以前曾和他谈过话。0 q, A# Z3 H1 ^' @& s
恨不相逢未嫁时。 → I regret not having met you before my marriage/before I got married.2 x" P/ N. z; F8 k! x8 }
(2)当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的对象或承受者时,动名词要用被动语态。例如:5 U* s T7 d! ^2 H- s1 B, u# |) g
I could no longer stand being treated like that. 我再也不能忍受被那样对待。
0 I/ G9 W z" u3 Q- [ She was proud of having been trained in the U.K. 在英国受过训,她感到自豪。
& C- B& ~- I) [+ | 他不喜欢嘲笑别人。 →He doesn’t like laughing at others.- \. Q+ p+ x+ L. g3 c5 h- \
他不喜欢被人嘲笑。→He doesn’t like being laughed at. |