大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义63

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　　试比较:
　　They are moving their bed.他们正在搬床。 (are moving是谓语，表示主体的动作)
& Z& S; ^, x6 H5 |- \; G, k　　The story is very moving.这个故事很感人。 (moving是表语，表示主体的特征)
　　Her homework was done by her sister.她的作业是她姐姐做的。 (was done是谓语动词被动语态)
　　Her homework is well done.她的作业做得很好。( done是表语)
" f: p) i9 @. G0 Z　　(6)generally speaking(一般地说)，roughly speaking(粗略地说)，strictly speaking(严格地说)等现在分词结构都是习惯用语，在句子中作插入语。
　　例如：
　　Generally speaking，a footballer of 20 is better than one of 40。
3 X9 {, y+ e. m! U6 \$ D: f　　一般地说，二十岁的足球队员比四十岁的强。
) _* W4 u) C) g" p7 ^5 }　　(7)分词短语的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，而独立结构的逻辑主语和句子的主语是不同的。
  J* B, F/ j  q7 G( R　　例如:
　　The last bus having gone，we had to walk home.
　　末班公共汽车已开走了，我们只好走路回家。
. e" H' L' w8 t1 m1 ^& ]　　(三)分词的时态和语态
0 W) ]* T8 ?$ n: B3 f; w+ v( A　　上面已经谈到，过去分词可以表示“被动”和“完成”等意义，因此没有时态和
　　语态方面的形式变化。下面谈一下现在分词的时态和语态。
　　1.现在分词的完成式(having+过去分词)表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或两个动作在时间上有一定的间隔。
3 F  K! O: L% i　　例如:
　　Having written the letter，John went to the post office.
　　(=After he had written the letter，John went to the post office.
　　约翰写完信后，就去邮局了。
　　Having lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.
/ \0 O# O* q2 S# N7 s　　(=As he has lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.)
　　老王在北京住了多年，所以对这个城市很熟悉。
7 \; Q7 [1 v0 g( T: ?　　Having drunk two glasses of water, Xiao Ma felt a little better.
　　(=After he had drunk two glasses of water Xiao Ma felt a little better.)
　　小马喝了两杯水，感觉好一些了
9 }' R- X( F, a2 p" r! h　　一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。
$ I* \5 ~; S2 L; v( Y　　例如:
& g- F7 M  a! `2 Y6 H　　Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet.
" B8 M" X9 m9 Z" B& P　　(=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.)
! h- o5 q' _( F2 i9 D　　他打开抽屉，拿出钱包。
　　Coming into the room，he put down his bag.
　　(=he came into the room and put down his bag.)
: n* h  M4 X6 `  z5 H7 w　　他走进房间，放下提包。
　　Having brushed his teeth，Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.
' B" \$ x/ X$ B1 P+ U3 l　　布朗先生刷过牙，就下楼来吃早饭。
1 J, b9 Y/ W/ J2 ]7 F* G　　(此句如写成:Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指“边刷牙，边下楼’。)