大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义66

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　　Example:
　　Climbing to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.
6 i# m( O9 U8 @% W( J　　-----Climbing to the top of the hill, one can see a magnificent view.
5 m1 l2 b+ J. Q5 K: ^6 B　　-----If one climbs to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.
  E9 d' Z/ P1 K9 ~8 \　　1)Being Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home.
　　-----It being Sunday I shall have quiet day at home.
　　2)Entering the house, the door closed with a bang.
6 u. j1 p+ ?) [' W  S) {" A& x　　-----Entering the house, he closed the door with a bang.
. k/ E! v6 a7 I) w" F' c7 h) `1 f　　3)Walking through the park, the flowers made a lovely sight.
　　-----Walking through the park, we saw a lovely show of flower.
　　4)Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.
　　-----As I was waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.
　　5)Having been away from his hometown for more than thirty years, no one recognize him.
' p( c/ U" E( Q5 s9 r　　-----As he had been away from his hometown for more than thirty years, no one recognize him.
- H' {1 f* j+ y$ c. F5 G, i　　四、使用非谓语动词应注意的问题
& d/ b- d+ T0 ~5 d# a　　1、不定式作状语时常用的句型。动词不定式在句中可用来作目的、结果、原因状语，常用于下列句型中:
) d" i$ a; F# q9 b) w1 Y3 N( E( s　　(1) in order to和so as to do(以便，为了):
$ H$ C& J/ h5 x$ r: I　　She decided to work harder in order (so as) to catch up with the others. 她决心加紧学习，好赶上别人。
5 `. m5 C: B) D4 S$ u9 N" W0 R　　(2)too……to do……(非常…… 以至于不能……)
　　The boy is too young to join the navy.这男孩太小参不了海军。
　　(3) ……enough to do……(足以做……)
　　The hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people.这厅大得足以容纳一千人.
; k4 E3 Q0 ]  M& b( n7 g　　(4)only to do……(不料却……)
　　They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet.他们搬起石头却砸自己的脚。
! m3 B" S# t  x: ^- p0 q9 V　　(5)"be+情绪形容词+to do"这个结构，不定式说明产生这一情绪的原因。
　　We are proud to be trained here in China.在中国受训我们感到自豪。
6 t3 F" ^  S* m7 X+ a4 u　　2、动名词和不定式作主语和表语时的区别动名词和不定式都可以作主语和表语。一般来说，在表示抽象的、一般的行为时，多用动名词;在表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。但在It’s no use(good)，it’s Useless后面常用动名词作主语。
8 P/ E$ B" y0 y　　例如
　　Her present job is teaching music. = Teaching music is her… (泛指)
　　To teach music to Grade One is her present job. =Her present job is to teach … (特指)
) o& h( `! k& S2 Y& |　　It’s difficult for him to finish the了ob in a week.
! l& |: _/ s; |- w1 B# t　　Tom’s being late again made me angry. 汤姆又来晚了使我很生气。
- }9 l6 m/ B2 `1 Z8 Z3 R　　It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收
1 P5 Y% f7 a% e$ z: g0 w　　3、动名词和不定式作定语时的区别。
　　作定语时:现在分词和它修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系(现在分词可以改为定语从句)，可以置于于被修饰词之前或之后，动名词做定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途(可以改为for短语)，而者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系，它一般只能置于被修饰词之前。