大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义71

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　　但是如果and连接的是指一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
　　Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶面包多年来一直是我的早餐。
　　Her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.她的律师和老朋友要娶她。
　　All this effort and sacrifice has come to nothing. 所有这些努力和牺牲都白费了。
1 Y6 o' {" y1 p　　由and连接的单数主语分别有many a，ever y，each，no修饰时，动词用单数。
. ?- y1 p7 S! M　　如：During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.假期期间每列火车及每架飞机都非常拥挤。
　　No boy and no girl has the right to refuse education. 男孩和女孩都没有拒绝教育的权利。
( t# C& b- \3 }0 X4 J　　Man a man and man a woman was moved b this picture。许多男男女女都被这幅画感动。
　　2.如果主语是一个抽象概念(如不定式、动名词、主语从句等)谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语是用and连接的两个或多个抽象概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
　　如：Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad farms of sports exercises.游泳、慢跑和骑自行车都是很好的运动形式。
　　To live to eat is not a very goad attitude toward life. 活着就是为了吃不是好的生活态度。
　　To live to eat and to eat to live are very different attitudes toward life.
' g6 O3 s; ^5 `! u( y　　以what，who，why，haw, whether等wh一词引起的从句做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数;由and连接的两个主句如果指两件事，动词用复数。
$ U/ K  C. o& h  m! Q- w* n# Y　　例如:What he is doing is not clear yet他在干什么还不清楚
　　What he is doing and whether I know him are two different things.他在干什么和我是否认识他是两件不同的事。
+ C; Y* p. h6 w6 H/ \　　What she told me is none of your business. 她和我说的什么用不着你管。
, ]" M9 @& `/ Y　　What she told me and what she told you are totally different things.
　　以what从句为主语的“主一系一表SVC"句型中，如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓语动词用复数形式;what从句本身是复数意义，主句谓语动词也可用复数。
- b6 y# @7 d3 G　　如：What I need buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes.
　　我需要买的是四只茶杯和一双运动鞋。
　　What were thought to be five dogs were actually five sheep.
0 I& Z  k- S5 i" J　　被认为是五条狗的东西实际上是五只羊。
　　3.集体名词family，class，crew(全体船员或机组人员)，crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population等做主语时，若作为一个整体看待，后面谓语动词用单数; 如就其中每一个成员来考虑时，则用复数。
. |; y# p6 M% a  w* S　　例如: My family is a big one.我家人多。
  Q4 l1 Y- q' S( m1 J, i　　My family are all music lovers. 我全家人都爱好音乐。
　　Eighty percent of China' s population are peasants. 百分之八十的中国人口是农民。
　　China has a huge population. 中国有众多的人口。
$ z& c! l2 A2 }! m. C　　The population of China is the largest in the world. 中国的人口是世界上最多的。
　　People, police, cattle,(牛)，militia(民兵)，poultry(家禽)，vermin(害出)等作主语时，后面的动词要用复数。
　　如：There were many people waiting outside. 有许多人在外面等着。
　　The police are searching far the murderer. 警察在搜捕凶手。
) d1 J, O) G2 @8 e6 F* L) s　　The cattle are grazing in the fields. 一群牛在田野里吃草。
　　Foliage(树叶)，machinery(机械)，equipment(设备) ,furniture(家具)，merchandise(商品)等通常做不可数名词，动词用单数