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[四级词汇语法] 大学英语四级考试:语法笔记讲义73

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发表于 2012-8-14 00:30:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  7. “the+形容词”表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数。表示抽象概念或指个别事物时谓语动词用单数。
6 `8 ~* ?7 }" T8 k- s  如:The old are well taken care of. 老人得到很好的照顾。
& l( F7 X  d7 T2 m( @  The beautiful is laved by all. 人人都爱美,
8 m4 e5 y" \0 h0 p5 p  The difficulty we do at once. The impassible takes a little loner.
. ?. V6 Z* |" `8 E6 q' R9 h5 B  困难的事情我们马上做。不可能的事情需要稍微长一点的时间。& o0 k( t) f) T5 n7 y- c
  还有the unknown(未知的事物),the unexpected(出乎意料的事),等等。
1 y  K( ~% ^! A- P  j  V  8. 如果主语由"a kind/sort/type of this kind/sort/type of +名词”组成,不管名词是单数还是复数,动词通常用单数。
( b1 z1 g: h- V' d' e9 n7 |# m  如:This kind of man annoys me. =This kind of men annoys me. 这种人让我烦。
: }4 q, c5 e: c& Z# {% P/ t3 ^  This kind of apple is very expensive. = This kind of apples is…这种苹果很贵。; C8 s' ]. A% a$ I6 e
  类似的还有:a portion of(一部分),a series of(一系列),a pile of(一堆),a panel of (一个小组委员会),
7 u/ A4 y5 h; |- J. a  如:A series of accidents has happened here. 这里发生过一系列事故。) x4 z: d- S" ]3 b
  9. Means作“方法、手段”讲时,单复数同形,其前面有each, every, neither, either,等单数a念的定语时,谓语动词用单数;若有all, both,these等复数概念的定语时谓语动词用复数。, \4 P( \' z4 `, g0 ^) g
  “None of the means”作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
. b" D3 D: a; d  如:There is/are no means of learning what is happening. 没法知道正在发生什么事。
, [9 |$ s2 |9 b) _7 k5 Q+ i  No means is /are left untried. 没有没试过的方法了。, F. l: I+ D. X9 C2 O  g* i
  Every means is to an end. 每一种手段都能达到一种目的。
0 B  q$ a- ]" H$ W  A bicycle is a means of transport. 自行车是一种交通手段。
! z  K" p8 M9 A# g3 x  All possible means have/Every possible means has been tried.所有的方法都试过了。1 a3 s  f$ p0 u: j8 |" _2 E
  三、就近一致9 i6 r$ W6 ]/ s2 ]1 O4 S& f
  1.当主语由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or连接时,谓语动词通常和最临近的那个主语一致。, e# i. V% E8 r* E$ J
  例如:Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他来做这件事。0 E2 b. V* a8 C$ v* F# |/ @- m  ~
  Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class. 不光是你,汤姆上课也迟到。
3 _- ^4 f( F' n; C& C  Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
; d4 U* h" I: t( Y# n7 m  e3 l( A% k! G  孩子们和老师都不知道这件事。
* m8 V# ^1 P5 W& Y  2.当there be结构后面有并列主语时,谓语也和最临近的那个一致。! m& o3 L0 L/ L- i) l# \
  如:There is a dictionary and many books on the table.) e; ^2 v% Y/ S5 [' T9 |1 j
  桌子上有一本词典和许多本书。! J# c' ^9 O- |: R
  There' re ten chairs and a table in the house.
- B2 r7 V) Z& M' r; c  屋子里有十把椅子和一张桌子。
- c5 r: U( C& I- r2 X0 ]  Here is a pen, a few envelopes and same paper far you.- L. g$ p5 K+ X2 N$ G
  这儿有一支笔,几个信封和一些纸给你。1 F& c  a& N: |- P' ^! P
  这种就近一致的情况在非正式文体中越来越普遍。但在下列情况不提倡模访。
) m) q+ M& K* L( `. U* o  如:Where is your mother and sisters?/ c* H) n  b8 s7 |) r- v
  你妈妈和你姐妹到哪儿去了?
% S5 n/ q' ~! o* s$ K  Is your sister and her husband coming to see you?
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