大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义77

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　　例如:This is the house甲I was barn and brought up in the house.在这两个句子中，in the house是句子里的地点状语，定语从句修饰的就是the house。把后面这一句变成定语从句。在将要被变成定语从句的句子中，in the house是地点状语，所以用where来代替它。然后再把where放到本句的最前面，其它的词和语序来代替它。然后再把where放到本句的最前面，其它的词和语序一律不变。这时，就成了"where}was barn and brought up"。再把这个定语从句整个放在被修饰的词后面，就成了"This is the house where I was barn and brought up.”，
* v+ U  g9 @7 O% r& p　　定语从句就完成了，主句是陈述句，所以句末用句号。Where代替的是原句中的状语，原句变成了从句，它就作从句的状语。
　　(4) The hotel is an artistic building. We' 11 stay in it.
　　……The hotel where we' 11 stay is an artistic building.
　　……The hotel (which/that) we' 11 stay in is an artistic building.
8 q: y" ~: r( v! K　　……The hotel in which we' 11 stay is an artistic building.
( n1 f, |4 J5 Q/ b　　(5) Perhaps they' ve heard of the place. We went there for our holidays last time.
* M3 r- S( G# V2 D1 t　　……Perhaps they' re heard of the place where we went for our holidays last time.
　　定语从句
/ t  n8 `2 V7 r& V! B: P& D$ i　　请读者照上面的例子，把下面变定语从句的步骤说出来(括号里的可以省略)：
" a$ L) O- k/ g3 F　　(6)They’re redecorating the room. A conference will be held in the room.
　　→They’re redecorating the room where a conference will be held.
7 G4 Q( {+ B( B2 Y) ^: l　　→They’re redecorating the room (which /that) a conference will be held in.
  K5 C6 b3 d- g6 `2 m+ }　　→They’re redecorating the room in which a conference will be held.
　　那么，“介词+关系代词”是怎么回事呢?原来上面这个例句，还有一种做法：This is the house. I was born and brought up in the house.在这两个句子中，the house是相同的，定语从句修饰的就是the house 。把后面这一句变成定语从句。在将要被变成定语从句的句子中，the house表示物而且是介词in的宾语，所以用关系代词which或that来代替。然后把which或that放到本句的最前面，其它的词和语序一律不变。这时，后面这一句就成了 “which/that I was born and brought up in”。再把这个定语从句整个放在被修饰的词后面，就成了“This is the house which/that I was born and brought up in”。定语从句就完成了，主句是陈述句，所以句末用句号。
　　which/that代替的是原句中的宾语，原句变成了从句，它们就作从句的宾语。关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，因此上句又可变成“This is the house I was born and brought up in.”
& O" F  r" g  u9 s  R# Y　　但是，in可以提到关系代词的前面，不过这时不能用that，而且不能省略。所以上句又可变为“This is the house in which I was born and brought up.”这就是“介词+关系代词”的来历。
　　定语从句又分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句把它的先行词限定在特定的意义之内，对先行词起限定的作用、是先行词必不可少的修饰语，没有它，整个句子的意思就会受到影响、就不完整。非限定性定语从句不对先行词起限定的作用，不是先行词必不可少的修饰语，只对先行词起补充说明的作用，没有它，整个句子的意思不会受到影响、仍然完整。非限定性定语从句相当于一个分句，翻译时也是把它当作分句处理的。非限定性定语从句和它的先行词之间要用逗号隔开;而限定性定语从句和它的先行词之间不能用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句中除了不用that以外，其它关系词都可使用，使用方法与限定性定语从句一样。
2 b8 u6 C, C; ~$ W$ \　　例如：The supermarket which was opened two months ago is now closed down.
+ H2 `% p# f( h. Z8 E　　两个月前开的那家超市现在已经倒闭了。(限定)
5 N0 o0 G. d; i4 S　　The supermarket, which was opened two months ago, is now closed down.
0 w3 Y" o. E& X0 [　　那家超市现在已经倒闭了，那家超市两个月前开的。(非限定)
4 y: z6 r% k$ q2 e7 c3 d　　The book(which) you’re reading is mine .
　　你正在读的那本书是我的。(限定)
　　The book, which you’re reading, is mine.
　　那本书是我的，你正在读那本书。(非限定)
　　如果以上例子的差别不十分明显，再看下面的例句：
　　I’ve been to London , which is a beautiful city。