大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义80

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　　4.关系代词的格应与它在从句中充当的成分一致。特别要注意插入语，
3 h4 T2 ~  g5 `' I6 N6 C) X4 U　　如：Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract. Peter 是那个人人都认为不能完成合同的人。(everybody believes 是插入语)
　　At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable.
* ~0 a6 b+ D! v; D: `　　在选举的时候我投了我认为最合适的那个人的票。
: n- C; z9 m3 u% b6 x/ A　　5.关系代词作从句的主语时，从句的动词必须和先行词的人称和数一致：
  D# d; B2 ^( T1 g. i# q, t- o3 Z　　例：These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。
' ]3 w4 m8 N( U) L# ?　　这就是用英文写成的使用说明。
: k' L! v8 k0 [8 P8 B3 X; ?( R2 e　　Are you staying at the white house which/that is newly completed and which /that has 15 bedrooms, 3 kitchens and 4 toilets?
: c4 f8 S' I1 ^, [. z　　你是住在那幢刚刚竣工、有15个卧室、3个病房和4个卫生间的白色房子里吗?
　　So far as I know, there are many VIPs who are going to attend the reception.
　　就我所知有很多达官贵人将出席这个招待会。
1 i9 J4 K! U* C# H$ i　　6.非限定性定语从句不用that，只用who(whose, whom)和which代表人和物;
　　例：Her brothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week。
　　她的兄弟们??两个人都在美国工作??每个星期都给她打电话。
　　The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd，
　　那些公共汽车??大多已经坐满了人??被一群愤怒的人围着。
- t4 M  v# |+ x' {; }　　That tower block, which cost five million dollars to build, has been empty for five years.
4 X- w5 [+ H9 A6 D- P1 J! J! ]　　那个塔楼空着已经5年了。建它花了500万美元。
　　Cricket, which I know very little about, is a very popular sport in England。
　　板球是英格兰非常流行的体育活动，我对它知之甚少。
+ @! f* k6 Y: N+ x7 G8 s& g  X% P　　The accounts of the company ,which I’ve been paying great attention to, are in balance.
& J9 V" r. o; w/ q5 P　　公司的账目是保持平衡的。我一直非常注意这些账目。
　　7.关系副词(=介词+关系代词)： 关系副词
5 C+ j0 {8 M" z先行词
0 q9 ]+ Z- f! A在从句中的作用
. J( r8 O  v; P' Q7 g7 ]说明
' I  H) s$ I" Iwhen(=at / on / in / during which)
时间名词
+ U. @9 P) |+ C, b0 z2 [时间状语
非正式文体中，有时用that代替关系副词
5 L; M* X5 |& J; R. Ewhere(=in / at which)
地点名词
地点状语
why=(for which)
5 [/ X: ~5 N* u3 R$ D2 _只有reason
! G. N/ M+ ?5 X7 W原因状语
0 z+ }( o6 `& D4 T6 m　　例：I shall never forget the day when (=on which) we first met.
　　我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
, z- }6 \6 s( @/ [* U　　The rain came at a time when (=at which) it was not needed.
/ Q: b+ b7 t8 o$ j　　雨下得不是时候。
. d: h$ b7 n9 [7 p( c　　This is the computer where (=by/on which) he has stolen top-secret documents.
: g! F% r% U, |% |5 c　　这就是他用来盗窃绝密文件的计算机。
- V, A5 U, O1 }, e- a; b1 i　　Here is the place where (=at which) the murder took place.
　　这就是谋杀发生的地方。
, t6 l! {; `8 W" H. |/ j　　He didn’t give any reason why (=for which) I had been fired.
! K* j# ]! v# h7 h　　他没给任何解雇我的理由
5 f0 z" v$ y6 `* V　　This is the house in which (=where) my parents used to live.
　　这就是我父母以前住过的房子。