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[四级词汇语法] 大学英语四级考试:语法笔记讲义84

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发表于 2012-8-14 00:30:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  As 引导非限定性定语从句时与which的区别:当主句和从句语义一致时,用as;反之,用which。
6 N, @6 @# q" U2 c2 G0 j+ w  如:He made a long speech, as was expected.9 I& N- R) s. |0 C0 G
  He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
0 f" u$ n; @$ c! c( l# \: I  Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all., m; N" |; B7 z& [
  (3)但是,如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生,则两部分都要用来将来时,- S# S: f5 b" y) V- g
  注:⑤在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,也可用复杂介词,如:by means of (用,依靠),as a result of (作为结果)等:
' a6 u* @6 z* c3 ]0 S6 p0 v) i6 N  例:I have three children, one daughter and two sons, all of whom graduated from the same university .
5 J8 X7 f4 T" Q, Z: ]: H  我有三个孩子:一个女儿、两个儿子,他们都毕业于同一所大学。
7 E" f( O; c2 S' m; E8 U% E) o  The police, in whom I have great confidence, are trying to find out who did it.( _0 k) x3 M  F6 F- _& |
  我对警察有极大的信心,他们正在努力寻找是谁做的这件事。
% Q% y  n4 F+ W% I/ s' @  This is the part of the river in which I like to swim.
' Y5 n- F6 h) s! E4 A! O  (in which=where)0 o! y  U8 w$ X; A3 O
  我喜欢在这条河里面游泳,这就是(我喜欢游的)那个地方。
3 ^6 |9 m' x. ?& N. E  The man from whom you bought the house is my uncle.4 ]' |! Z: z% b7 i$ ^8 F5 ^' h
  你从他那里买下房子的那个人是我叔叔。9 z% s5 A+ l0 {  r6 b9 x
  This is the desk by means of which he jumped over the wall.0 }% k3 M* M, H% s; Q# X: `8 E8 Q7 K
  这就是他用来跳过墙去的那张桌子。: @; i4 h+ U- a7 x& `4 \& N
  She was running a fever, as a result of which she failed in the exam.* d9 r% N& O% Y  P" n5 B# N
  她当时正发烧,所以考试失败了。
* f# ]; O, R9 w3 R9 K2 q. b2 t  He is the man from whose house the picture was stolen.
; \  H: J; G4 B# \  他就是那个家里的画被偷了的人。
& `! k5 ?  v# s0 \! B  注:⑥一个先行词后面可以跟一个以上的定语从句,这种现象叫双重关系从句:$ c* f7 D9 I2 s
  例:Here are some words which are often used but which are very confusing.
5 j, W6 Z/ a5 f& o# z) D  这里有些常用但非常混乱的词。
1 }. m+ y2 b+ a0 Y# k  He is the only person that I can find who is able to solve the problem.
6 g" s9 v+ |+ P! f  他是我能找到的唯一解决这个问题的人。
( H$ H$ f: w3 e6 b7 s4 U  名词性从句$ c& Y- b  t# C) Z2 a0 J5 d
  在主从复合句中,从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下,主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当,所以,我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句,把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。名词性从句由连接词(或关联词)引导。& ?% X. D& e# m
  常用的连接词有:4 P+ _0 S; f6 P3 N$ b. {
连接词& ?2 i' `8 Q8 h& }/ k3 `; M
作用. W$ ?6 y5 I6 H# Z) t- {/ L
whether是否
# @/ V" ]2 U1 o1 O$ vthat(本身无词义)
$ p0 o6 v' S3 v% {只起连接词作用,引导从句,在从句中不作任何成分# A( j8 J% |/ e" t: Y
在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语! y) Y' \; K' W- j8 M
who,whom,whose" R; G8 {6 \* m* b# @' L8 x6 F
which哪一个
# t: C: ^2 k1 @) i8 I( n; h% ?& iwhat什么,所…的$ J: i2 l1 p3 Z6 H; Q8 B6 ^
在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语+ U$ ^1 q$ `: R
在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语
3 Q. {- W/ e& O, u$ T9 I除了起连接词作用外,还在从句中作状语6 m2 o% R2 V* j2 }# J9 Q% D
when什么时候,where什么地方0 @% \' s$ O; _* O% F* V* x
how怎样,怎么,why为什么
- \0 m" Q8 Z8 w( _) a: T: N2 K: D& [; L6 }8 c$ |2 F. T  _- d
  疑问词(who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how)可以引导主语、宾语和表语从句。
7 _* \+ j" e# ?$ I8 l  它们的特点是:1、疑问词有本身的词义;2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分,如主语、宾语或状语;3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序。
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