As 引导非限定性定语从句时与which的区别:当主句和从句语义一致时,用as;反之,用which。
& d! L v3 P1 K9 N 如:He made a long speech, as was expected.
2 F u. ?1 }& y M! f0 q$ r* C0 g He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
, ?8 O! M g* Y8 J& ]$ B5 E! W8 T3 g# _. w Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all./ v" n" m0 b, G' Q
(3)但是,如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生,则两部分都要用来将来时,
7 F" k } s2 D c2 q& O2 \ 注:⑤在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,也可用复杂介词,如:by means of (用,依靠),as a result of (作为结果)等:# K1 ~7 A, V6 y8 R4 ^7 e
例:I have three children, one daughter and two sons, all of whom graduated from the same university .
4 G' I4 f: s/ z 我有三个孩子:一个女儿、两个儿子,他们都毕业于同一所大学。# F" D# u. ~- I* ?8 w" w/ m# W
The police, in whom I have great confidence, are trying to find out who did it.
a9 S7 N$ j( x 我对警察有极大的信心,他们正在努力寻找是谁做的这件事。
4 w7 P% i' T) ~: E This is the part of the river in which I like to swim.
& S9 S% {' x( y9 _/ ]4 x) \& w j$ l (in which=where)! O$ S1 ?7 P. f$ z* A3 _
我喜欢在这条河里面游泳,这就是(我喜欢游的)那个地方。
; t+ ^' o2 x$ N2 o) |1 p) k2 W The man from whom you bought the house is my uncle.
2 e. m+ M* S9 w4 U5 { 你从他那里买下房子的那个人是我叔叔。
- ]$ N& b; a9 O& m: D0 X This is the desk by means of which he jumped over the wall.
; x. g: t% T; f7 _3 [9 ~6 t 这就是他用来跳过墙去的那张桌子。 `% _- X- a$ E e Y1 m. u) |
She was running a fever, as a result of which she failed in the exam.& ], D+ x7 G4 t7 D; [
她当时正发烧,所以考试失败了。0 g4 j, ~ T7 q: i7 m
He is the man from whose house the picture was stolen.% [- v4 w: P% ?: q( U o
他就是那个家里的画被偷了的人。
' a7 Q$ _1 r4 R: }. L& N# t" a 注:⑥一个先行词后面可以跟一个以上的定语从句,这种现象叫双重关系从句:
W% Y: h8 |/ _% a. |% _ 例:Here are some words which are often used but which are very confusing.- u8 G/ W& ]1 F8 k: v& N+ i
这里有些常用但非常混乱的词。
0 V, ~' E3 W& y% ?" [3 b He is the only person that I can find who is able to solve the problem.
# i" v3 F t- \ 他是我能找到的唯一解决这个问题的人。
3 S+ b' Z9 ^1 q8 I2 c 名词性从句( _7 E+ y* w" [
在主从复合句中,从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下,主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当,所以,我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句,把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。名词性从句由连接词(或关联词)引导。
+ M9 y2 d9 x+ E" ^; q- t5 Q7 R) C2 | 常用的连接词有:
+ U/ Y- _$ G9 e: {连接词
5 p' |0 W9 c( ]作用/ K+ ?2 H i1 ]% N: u g
whether是否7 ]9 @/ c1 u. {" Q0 W- X7 x2 R
that(本身无词义)
4 a. w5 B( l4 z! ]/ I- {* A只起连接词作用,引导从句,在从句中不作任何成分- ^3 u2 X! R1 q4 y7 m, |
在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语
( w( w% d; M/ Z8 Ywho,whom,whose
0 A7 b: L( A& Z; R2 @! t3 Qwhich哪一个9 o5 `( k, i4 z( I
what什么,所…的. s$ r0 U# g* D
在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语* i& s; C/ l. O0 i
在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语; P: Q! E/ C s8 P- H
除了起连接词作用外,还在从句中作状语
6 Y! H5 `; `( r& S1 awhen什么时候,where什么地方. ]: _) g' F8 @; f/ r; V% X9 G
how怎样,怎么,why为什么
1 g; {& d6 k5 [1 J/ z
# ^% `' r7 [) B; e% T D: p8 x4 R& [ 疑问词(who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how)可以引导主语、宾语和表语从句。& d2 D# x/ q! Y7 C* _/ o8 Y
它们的特点是:1、疑问词有本身的词义;2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分,如主语、宾语或状语;3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序。 |