大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义112

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　Stay where you are! 原地别动!
, ?0 l1 J$ F& i( i+ V　　Though/Although she is rich, she’s not happy. 尽管她富有，但她并不幸福。
" r; i9 Z; x3 c; {4 B9 e- x0 u　　一般来说，连词性质的连接词连接两个分句或引导一个从句，两个分句或主从复合句之间用逗号连接。
6 Q( k. T2 K* x& Y3 P& t　　副词性连接词
　　副词性质的连接词不能象连词一样分句或主从复合句之间用逗号连接。也就是说它们不能连接两个分句或引导从句。它们引导的句子与前面的句子之间要用分号或句号，而它们与引导的句子之间往往用逗号。副词性质的连接词在写作中常常使用，主要分为以下几类：
% R2 T# m  B3 L6 }! c　　1.表示顺序的，如first, in the first place, then, finally, in the end等等。尤其要注意then. 如：
; e0 z0 i  \1 ]- E1 u+ r/ p& f　　误：He graduated from college in 2003, then he found a job.
. Y! D/ c  h) H) d1 W; U　　正：He graduated from college in 2003, and then he found a job.
+ G+ Y# s1 B/ Z0 ?　　He graduated from college in 2003. Then he found a job.
　　2.表示递进关系的，如in addition, what is more, furthermore, moreover等。注意in addition 与in addition to 的区别：in addition 是副词性质;而in addition to 是介词性质，后面必须接宾语。
, c0 \  M! z4 q5 @; ]4 w& O  h　　3.表示转折关系的，如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, in contrast, 等等。要注意不要把however 当成连词：
$ g# _" z3 e- \1 [) Y2 Z8 h　　误：In 2003, the United States launched the war on Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD), however, no WMD has been found in Iraq so far.
& \: q# h8 L. o7 x$ z9 u　　正：In 2003, the United States launched the war on Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD). However, no WMD has been found in Iraq so far.
" X* V, G8 |* [! @$ N- P8 X　　In 2003, the United States launched the war on Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD). No WMD, however, has been found in Iraq so far.
6 e3 }& C" j. I% K6 f; i　　4.表示结果的，如therefore, consequently, thus, hence, as a result等。尤其要注意therefore, thus等不是连词以及hence的用法。如：
% j9 V: o. E& v: A, v% Q8 P　　I am busy today, so can you come tomorrow?
0 Z* H3 q8 h6 V0 a$ M2 G　　I’ve never been to Spain. Therefore, I don’t know much about it.
　　The town was built on the side of the hill, hence the name Hillside.
0 K  a  @( P3 o! e, j　　5.举例的，如for example, for instance, take…for example等。注意，for example, for instance 是副词性质，举例说明时，前面要用句号;take…for example本身是一个句子结构。
　　He has been very helpful to me. For example, he would offer to lend me money whenever I am in need.
　　6.表示条件的，意思为“否则”，如or, otherwise等，注意它们不是连词。
　　Put down your arms and put up your hands. Or/Otherwise I will shoot you. 放下武器，举起手来，否则我就开枪。
4 M2 d, C! z) s2 ^% R9 C* ~　　当然，or 有时表示选择(相当于either…or…省略了either)：
) Z0 \" I2 j8 |; ^$ h. D　　Put down your arms, or get killed. 要么放下武器，要么找死。