2011年12月大学英语四级语法精讲（2）

会计考友

非谓语动词三大类：分词、动名词、不定式
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　　分词常考题型：做状语、做定语
　　分词作状语形式：主谓宾
6 {0 m% q' N+ c4 V) D6 t# i　　不管谓语和宾语，只看主语能不能做这件事。
1 @# r% f+ K; A5 t  s; k+ ^& v* m　　分词作状语题型，不定式不是答案。
　　永远不是答案的形式：having +v-ed, been+ v-ed, be+ v-ed
　　过去分词强调被动状态，现在分词强调主动进行。
# `2 i6 Z* s- C' \2 A7 {2 r  ]0 \　　例：_____, I am listening to the music.
6 b- [% [8 z3 h% _) |) L　　A) Standing by Mr. LiuB) Stood by Mr.Liu
　　注：看主语能不能发出这个动作，还是动作的承受者来选择是-ing还是-ed
　　[P11-43] No matter how frequently ___, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A) performed B) performing C) to be performed D) being performed
　　注："空格+逗号+主谓宾"表示分词作状语。
6 ~  p/ `: l5 R" ?& k  w8 z" d　　现在分词的常见形式：
! B; [" w. ^2 z/ E! [) Z* l　　1. 一般式：v-ing 与谓语动词同步发生。
8 q0 Y7 J* X( w& o2 u5 K　　2. being+ v-ed 表示正在被做。
　　3. having +ed 表示动作发生谓语动词之前。（在四级考试中不是正确答案）
　　Having destroyed their house, they lived in a cave
　　[P29-22] ___ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed
　　注：分词作状语题型。
  b$ R3 l( b/ }+ l　　[P57-68] ___ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.
$ P5 Q, p/ K+ @　　A) To look at B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at
　　注：分词作状语题型，A和D选项首先排除，situation和look是被动关系，所以选C
% _% M2 H+ X  h* R　　[P57-69] A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough ______ .
　　A) nuisance B) trouble C) worry D) anxiety
　　注：nuisance 讨厌的人wｗw.ExamＷ.CoM
　　单词记忆：
　　exhaust 使精疲力尽 sting 蜇，咬 bruise 瘀伤 black and blue 青一块，紫一块，遍体鳞伤的
　　brutal 残忍的 kagroo 袋鼠 cougar 美洲狮 ignore 忽视 ignorant 无知的

1 G4 I. ]% m, Z0 \  l　　ignorance 无知 ambition 雄心，野心 sneer 轻视，蔑视

会计考友

</p>　　独立主格结构：
　　1、名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词
  s& w% T# k3 v- s0 g: S3 ^# h0 D/ x2 }　　2、在句中作状语
　　3、分词的一种，也有分词的几种事时态
　　4、with/ without复合结构
  T* _( U3 G/ Y8 }+ o6 S1 N　　P41-49] All things _________, the planned trip will have to be called off.
4 @! E; y( E% f! q: m　　A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered
5 a: r9 y. r' q( J　　注：分词题型中 having +ed 都不要考虑
　　P6-58]The speaker, _________ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience .A) having known B) being known C) knowing D) known
& p+ _- W" q( U( C　　注：having + v-ed做定语和状语都不会是答案
# B7 Q$ q4 Z8 g　　[P22-44]Homework _________ on time will lead to better grades.
" ]! I1 Y+ M# R　　A) done B) be done C) having done D) to have been done
　　[P22-45]The speech _________, a lively discussion started.
% K& e; u8 F. F　　A) being delivered B) was delivered C) be delivered D) having been delivered
" c- O) O# s: d7 a- p　　注：1. 考的是过去式独立主格结构。
　　2. 按时间顺序，先讲座后讨论，所以选D。
　　[P37-36]As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _____ 50 households or more.
　　A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having had
　　[P44-48]The speech which he made _____ the project has bothered me greatly.
8 R" Z% o' h+ p　　A) being concerned B) concerned C) be concerned D) concerning
　　注：1. which he made定语从句本身不是划线的内容的话，可以将其去掉不考虑。
　　2. concerning 为介词，关于。相当于 about/ over（国外常用）； concerning/ as to（国内考试用）。
　　3. bother 打扰；brother 兄弟 fiend 魔鬼；friend 朋友