1) 指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词。例如: ! }: X# Q' q3 T& t
单数 复数
1 S8 x, ?# J. T5 m7 h( y 限定词 This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
- m0 f. X, u' i, O 代词 This is Mary. Those are my teachers. 1 Y2 Y6 Q) t9 t0 ^% M0 T, j
- F& s+ V& R( @5 {, f 2) 指示代词的句法功能;, p; e# m. H; w+ [
a. 作主语。例如:& r+ {" E% ?' h- f, }8 [* Y
This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。
* u X) A) c" L. l( v b. 作宾语。例如:2 J1 m+ {8 e" U+ X4 `
I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个甚至那个。
+ `: f1 E& i1 I* V4 N4 z4 M' {! l; Z c. 作主语补语。例如: y) L, a& ^& u1 \; s& B
My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。
, Q; U2 M9 m8 T d. 作介词宾语。例如:) H; n* a- S5 U E* X7 D" T3 O: G0 R; J
I don't say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。
$ d2 ?. b; x% Y There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。( @) {1 v1 v4 t5 y# j
说明1:指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人。例如:* V6 j' z4 A. ~$ z P/ s
(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。(that作主语,指人)
. g7 ?( I8 t# p: z( `8 w2 [ (对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)
: i! r% u9 ]9 d2 P: Z (错)He is going to marry this. (this作宾语时不能指人)) ]/ X( ^" \ y) }
(对)I bought this. 我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)% b& G3 q# x# k& v g/ m' t& T% z
说明2:That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和 these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较:
: F4 ?4 Q: R3 }; |4 S. y z, M (对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。! n: h; F1 ~# I7 a$ _0 t0 O
(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
+ L! t# \/ _3 a1 z3 @ (错) He admired that who danced well. (that作宾语时不能指人)
. Y X' |" X' `$ q+ e0 O) F6 E8 z+ ^ (对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)
! B: S) d6 u# _7 K' o5 I (对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物) |