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[四级词汇语法] 2011英语四级考试语法讲义:切忌随便转移句子中心点

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发表于 2012-8-14 00:30:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  写英文句子时,要有明确的中心点,包括主语的人称、数目以及谓语动词的时态、语态和情态等。如果句子的中心点随便改变或转移的话,句子结构可能陷入模糊状态,使人困惑,也削弱了文章气势。
2 L! p, u" A) r7 p. z1 n. V  下面就是些有关句子中心点转移的例子:4 k: c4 R8 E* e: ]) ?! i  x
  ⒈随便转移主语和语态,如:, g) W7 Y8 e5 `: W" H: I3 n1 {# R' I
  ① Cocks were heard crowing as the hikers approached the farm.
+ k0 J! Q! G( B+ M5 n0 r  在一个短短的复杂句里,原本的主句主语突然变成副词从句的主语“the hikers”,动词语态则以被动形式出现在另一个文句里。这样的转变没有好处,也没有必要。这句话可修改为:5 Q- l2 B; t( v
  The hikers heard cocks crowing as they approached the farm.
: J7 |  k2 D  k  这里两个主语保持中心点,一气呵成,明确多了。
" Q8 M' G; F3 x! @, i$ @. F/ Y  ② The tourists stayed at a holiday hotel and much of their time was spent there.
# Z; N+ W/ X5 k* x* |2 a  这里的两个并列句的主语从“the tourists”转入“much”,动词则以主动语态变成被动语态;这样做,必要吗?还是改写一下好:  j+ ]; W  ], c- z+ S! C
  The tourists stayed at a holiday hotel and spent much of their time there.% S) L7 [  q- M
  ⒉随便转移人称和数目,如:
7 A: i' u# a4 {  ③ Everyone will feel happy if you enjoy good life.( z) @2 \* S+ e* F' C# D; N( V
  ④ Kelvin enjoys cigarette smoking, but they make his throat sore.
7 s& Y6 X% M4 I, I  m  在③里,人称“everyone”和“you”不协调所以要把“you”改成“he”或“everyone”变成“you”。如果“you”变成“he”,谓语动词“enjoy”要变成“enjoys”以便动词和主语一致:
) O& d) c# A1 V5 B  Everyone will feel happy if he enjoys good life. You will feel happy if you enjoy good life.
% X! c. x' k/ Q+ W4 @4 t8 K" Q  在④里,用“they”指“cigarette-smoking”,不符合语法规则,必须把“they make”改为“it makes”人称和数目才配合。不这样改也行,但“they”就要和新主语“cigarettes”。(不是cigarette smoking)搭挡。1 j# N6 c( l: t* G  D
  ⒊随便转移动词时态和情态,如:
! F* m, V: ~$ X2 {5 x5 S  ⑤ The robber considered himself unlucky, rushed to the door, and trying to escape.
9 S: G9 i- K, Q( u. ?  这句子中三个动词的时态要一致,不可以让最后一个突然改变形式,因此“trying”要改为“tried”。) a( K& B+ _, Y/ [8 |& r: `
  ⑥ Hold your gun tightly, take aim, and you can shoot.2 T) q7 n6 [5 T! ^& @" q
  这里的三个短句中,两个是祈使句,为什么最后一个突然变成陈述句?非改不可:% [7 E/ N" P* [' T# u3 O
  Hold your gun tightly, take aim and shoot.
5 |0 X6 u+ g% R1 O8 O  You can hold your gun, take aim and shoot.: Y, H5 Q: f7 ]5 H* n9 _! ^
  ⑦ As I have made everything clear to him, I expected that he will let bygones be bygones.1 K7 P  r5 e) L/ |
  显然的,这里的三个动词的时态都可以是现在式,因此主句中的“expected”要改为“expect”才行。
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