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[四级词汇语法] 2011英语四级语法讲义大全:名词二

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发表于 2012-8-14 00:30:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
2)可数名词:
3 W; o2 D  R0 V: q可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外,一般都要加冠词:A birdcaufly.; W& K0 s# K+ b0 z& p/ F
The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. ; [# Y" W) t& }4 W( c. Q, a# p
Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.0 ~" X+ A9 T7 x( ~, @/ ]; {
‚有复数形式:- V! W% W7 E& U6 j1 L4 D
a)规则变化——加“s”或“es”(与初中同,略)
' G2 ?& I6 V( [% Wb)不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),
9 c$ X' f, i* Vwoman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),6 ]' n. ?# Q, ~" x9 C. y. ~5 T
phenomenon(phenomena)…
/ n; ?7 `, t5 Q4 C; e2 ?& q1 G7 C注意:c)单、复数同形:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一种鱼)……。如,a sheep, two sheep" T" `: k/ @& R, C0 u( s$ ?
d)只用复数形式: thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…. L6 V, y, g5 M4 {# y5 |
e)形复实单:physics, politics, maths, news, plastics(塑料),means.$ |! ^  j8 h9 |4 F- w
f)形单实复:people (人民,人们),the police, cattle等( R1 R- z* d' Q3 `3 Z2 ?
g)集合名词如:family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时,为单数;当作为整体中的各个成员时,为复数。如:   My family is a big one.      My family are music lovers.5 I, J- X% k$ l9 g3 K" r- S
h)复合名词变复数时,(a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如:sister(s)-in-law嫂子,弟妹;step-son (s)继子;editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。
' T2 o  T# |+ m/ l% ](b)如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如:grown-up(s)成年人,go-between(s)中间人
- }! b8 _( i! p+ E7 |2 ~! H7 V(c)woman, man作定语时,要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如:a man servant—men servants, a woman doctor—women doctors
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