为了加强语气而使用的倒装。(使句子更加流畅,更加生动), {5 l& D9 e2 r, W5 M" V$ W
情 况
% `# s3 l# t+ w: x ~例 句4 S" x0 o, L c: q4 ~5 `
说 明
' o4 R2 I/ Y) H3 ]6 N含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时
, N o* y% w- RNever before have we seen such a sight.' d, S; ~. K4 H- `3 R) W# x$ v
以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。% j$ {: Y6 v* D1 i( U: Y
Little did I think that he could be back alive.' Q. k% u' e6 M) _1 q
我没有想到他竟能活着回来。, Z: }' [2 Y3 p" n: x2 C" l) Q
Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift.
3 V6 q; e5 J5 y+ c% }* z1 [我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。
" u: l ^+ z" W& d4 vNot only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
. O! `* i9 O" N7 K# o" d# `# x不仅他所有的一切被没收了,而且连他的德国公民权也被剥夺了。# l8 d- {3 c* o# a
常用否定词有: never,not,hardly,
& c5 {" ?* P6 B1 B4 ^scarcely seldom, little, not until, not only…but also, no sooner …than, hardly (scarcely)…when等。一般主句用部分倒装结构。* n4 t8 n1 m% y2 R* O6 e. p
副词only放在句首时/ r. J+ _! o i2 A1 d( h
Only then did he realize his mistakes .
4 e7 A0 u4 k" Q4 j' c- G7 h只有在那时,他才认识到自己的错误。8 S4 i0 r. |0 w$ i6 ] @* C4 V* C+ t
Only in this way can you learn maths well .
7 C2 F; [ c6 Y$ }+ C只有用这种方法,你才能学好数学。
* b% p) b; E$ g" TOnly Mother can understand me .
* {/ G* e X" I f0 x5 p. a只有母亲最理解我。
7 W( ` Y$ B: `2 a$ FOnly three of us failed in the exam.$ @7 m) g, q( H& A& I5 o
我们中只有三个人考试不及格。, \5 Z3 l3 k6 O `; q
only 起强调作用,其句型为“only +状语+部分倒装”。9 ~& i0 _+ j& Z
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如置于句首的only修饰主语,则不用倒装结构。4 S" ^+ i" l& L. ^: f
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虚拟语气条件从句中
; s$ \$ B g7 }. w) CWere they here, they would help us .
/ f R, R) p! L1 w' A6 `4 E他们要是在这儿,他们会帮助我们的。2 m" H6 |- @4 q& i8 v# Y! H/ o$ a
Had I been informed earlier. I could have done something." D6 r" h# Z6 F: R! e- J
我要是早得到通知,我就能干事了。: W1 h+ `- U: `0 W: Z/ }7 U+ h
Should you fail, take more pain and try again.( ~9 n' r$ j( Q' k4 E7 L( x1 T9 O
万一你失败了,就要更加刻苦,重新再干。 1 j- O' u" |; N( H
把从句中if省略将were,had或should放在主语的前面。
% l5 F) `6 r/ e4 k0 R- `直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时
+ X% M3 m0 l6 }) D6 ~- X: a+ Q( o“He is a clever boy”said the teacher.1 G6 I1 F0 @ U0 q* ^
老师说:“他是个聪明的孩子。”( f- b1 a' K8 W3 V
“Go, Dick, go!”cried Tom,“Go home and get help”“走,狄克,走!”汤姆呼喊着,“快回家去求援”
$ o, [* r: D% S6 o, Z“What do you think of the film? ”he asked.
. n& b% w6 H+ Z他问“你认为这部电影怎么样?”
/ z. _: S5 L# L. X/ W“I’m leaving for Hongkong next month”Mary told me yesterday.
' a3 i$ I% b1 L玛利告诉我“我下月要去香港”。* f" W. K7 \, M
主句主语和谓语次序颠倒,用完全倒装。
8 ^6 `, z+ r/ V' w: T0 o4 i5 X但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长,一般不用倒装。
7 ~' r7 F ]0 p1 z) J* E表示祝愿的句子中3 B, k, i9 P9 w$ ]
May you succeed! 祝你成功。
% {3 c9 t& K: o: ~Long live the Communist Party of China.
$ d) ]( q6 Q/ A3 E% m0 r中国共产党万岁!' t- j# D% C' o% N Y: b* Q
谓语动词或谓语的一部分放在主语的前面。. H+ s3 O0 L' d! j4 s3 [8 s
副词so在句首3 p# L+ a; h# w$ T1 ^" [8 b
He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I .- o& J- Y5 u0 a+ w$ C
他对流行歌曲感兴趣,我也如此。( C% a. {( l8 E$ j
They will learn chemistry next term, so will I .
+ t, h$ [& E5 I G他们下学期学化学,我也学。
; z: L0 z! g! u7 V. i, E# r$ d" A KI can drive a car, so can my younger brother.
0 F8 J. |4 C/ C我会开汽车,我弟弟也会开车。$ k6 b% G! V3 e( L9 A3 W" J
表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中。
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—Tom won the first prize for the English
- E0 l7 V8 Z' Y7 `# o! f1 R3 L7 D competition.
) t. d0 {3 ]5 e; ~4 B1 s& h1 F- I4 W-So he did.7 A+ n$ u; `2 j Z' ^
英语竞赛汤姆获得了一等奖。确实如此。
( |) d) n* X6 wIt was cold yesterday. So it was .
U) B7 C* ` X, A; A昨天天气冷。的确冷。
3 O7 \0 d( t& e) @如果后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思,不表示也适用于另一人或事,则不用倒装结构。, T5 c7 h P. T3 H6 r
在频度状语often, always, many a time等开头的句子中
! u& M1 l5 x$ w! XOften did we warn them not to do so.
. c. E, k7 Q2 K我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。8 e, A1 @$ `' \: @; h
Many a time has she helped me with my English.6 Y7 f) C1 ^) |
她不止一次地帮助或学习英语。& ~7 `% ?6 q& i! U* ]
# P( o# {4 x1 N4 O在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首
, u9 h7 }5 O# J- t" V. P- dThus ended his life.这样结束了他的生命。
* z Z# T; a! ^" M, XSo loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .
+ j$ z) @0 n Z5 j他讲话的声音那样大,连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。
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介词短语作状语,放在句首
6 m6 U, K# ]/ {: `: XIn the middle of the room stood a little girl.9 P. }0 @+ h! P
在房间中央站着一个小女孩。2 v6 D7 y8 `2 V1 l( c* ^+ R
In the distance was a horse.; I5 G$ M, @) C, U
马在远处。
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1 G; y( X/ f) M v$ p0 k在强调表语的句子中+ |& r+ b7 @. U2 \) U6 E
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.& |1 k" l* W; a0 ^% F. U
阿尔伯特·曼因斯坦就是这样一个人,一个纯朴而又取得巨大成就的人。
6 j7 v: O' k h" R9 |8 _/ ]2 k% ^Such is life. 生活就是这样。
( b) Z# M- c: s/ C. T+ Y0 g; L1 g* u- ^Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
% O5 V9 |' C1 t. J" W* X附近有两只他们来这个岛乘坐的独木船。
! C$ m8 |0 S! y1 I& \5 E/ V9 Y表语提前,不仅为了强调,而且为了使句子结构达到平衡协调,或使上下文紧密衔接。 |