2011英语四级语法讲义大全：名词性从句四

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4、同位语从句：
种类
. V* M0 K0 B5 T1 ^; L7 U关联词
! K& G5 J6 m9 Z0 {7 I# \0 e* S例     句
说     明
3 [) q" R6 g+ f1 W, f# B( n: T# ?同
  t0 P/ p" F  Z+ u! x" @' Y) O位
7 g  {; N0 q. F语
从
句
  由连词that引导，不担任成分，也可有when, how, where等引导。
- B) c1 P& h% T% Z* c  The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。
4 m* x9 X  A6 _, ^7 s1 j  I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
2 Y& x" j. a' H4 P  The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
- K( L; c( ^- o( }# F  He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。
  同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought,question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story等。
名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表词从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。名词性从句的特点：that 、who、 whom、 what 、whether及 when、 where引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序：
, \, V2 q" d5 H+ j2 N( ]: b" u$ F1、主词从句：
That light travels in straight line is known to all .(That 引导主语从句不可省)
When the plan is to take off hasn’t been announced ．
主语从句通常以it 做形主语出现
It was my fault that I had him play foatball all faternoon.
* I0 N3 ]. h/ jIt is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.
2、表语从句，即名词性从句放在表语位置就是表语从句，需要注意的，主语是 reason时，表语要用that引导而不是because．
" c7 R6 [* W1 vThe reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
3、宾语从句that 常可以省略，并且注意时态呼应，当主句为过去时时，从句时态一定往前推移，不可出现现在时或现在完成时。
The teacher told us that Tomo had left us for America．
( ]4 M3 ?/ `1 z& ?2 l4、同位语从句注意与定语从句区别，同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如：
The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong．( 同位idea在从句中无位置，而从句只是具体说明idea的内容）。
3 Y7 `. k3 z) d3 ]/ S* b$ P9 m7 EThe idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong ．(定语从句，idea做put forward 的宾语)。