2011英语四级语法讲义大全：状语从句二

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! h! W' H. U$ t3 O从属连句
  b: P/ F" _3 {; u; g例          句
说   明

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时
until
She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .
# u8 p3 U: f8 c( f/ h0 }( }; F* e+ m她到11点钟才停止工作。
8 y- X4 {; @/ A/ LUntil he had passed out of sight, she stood there.
% e5 m. ]- n" n3 t. S/ v她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。
如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直…才”“在…以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until
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间

状
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2 n4 r1 w/ T+ g- B6 j5 Vsince
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2 y3 e9 i- w2 L/ ~" m# U- vas soon as
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Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。
) [# `/ h5 F" e: P状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。
语
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  q; @3 X* _6 R. ahardly…when
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9 N0 e7 `3 U, I7 B: x$ F# gno sooner…than

& L9 W2 s' o. `+ y5 d4 q) WI had hardly got home when it began to rain.
: D$ y- }, S4 W我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.
9 z5 A* `4 i) @. G! U- p9 l我们刚到车站，火车就走了。
1 ?7 m' @, s0 K9 G, Y) n+ s9 JHardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
我们刚开始就被叫停。
8 g5 {% V( P! Q4 \hardly…when和no sooner…than的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。

every time, by the time, the moment
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# o; S1 Q5 D1 k% N/ qEvery time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
. g$ E$ Q/ Z6 D3 x$ p$ h, H+ _我每次乘船都晕船。
The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.
+ J) u5 x; g  j9 ?9 D+ v8 ]/ M我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。
Next time you come ,you’ll see him.
下次你来的时候，就会见到他。
在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。

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where

  p, A, y* @" x/ {9 U+ ^wherever
Where there is a will, there is a way.
, {) _# ~' R. y8 Y; |! |有志者，事竟成。
9 e) [9 f; ^& b- x$ K! mWhere there is water there is life.
哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
* r; F  h- U  R$ z8 |8 }# Z8 {" J8 [You are free to go wherever you like.
你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。
Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
3 W' ?8 |% }4 a无论你去哪都要遵守法律。
where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。