2011英语四级语法讲义大全：状语从句二

会计考友

种类
, n' Z* t( E2 Z) V) p) O  ^从属连句
2 K2 T( \1 B. G" l! x' {) H例          句
2 w" d% i# l1 @0 F/ \- z3 ^! ]说   明
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时
5 ]. N* y7 a: i( |- Z- s$ p/ muntil
9 |' D( x- N! @2 B) BShe didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .
+ K0 X2 s6 S: l0 y她到11点钟才停止工作。
Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.
她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。
如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直…才”“在…以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until
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" K; y3 j/ q" p5 J, R间

状
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0 `% V7 `3 r% x" u9 Usince
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0 G7 d; V  t4 t9 X; {as soon as
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) s7 u/ m8 I3 Z' H+ H# s" bGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.
% L! b7 f1 T2 \: z& N自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。
状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。
语

从

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hardly…when

no sooner…than

) D$ i% y& ?& c# g  `I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
( S  L+ M. ]! r/ p我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
+ v2 y* J  K* A9 \5 Z1 P2 e& |3 w# BNo sooner had we got to the station than the train left.
6 a4 E, i1 F" a! k! c# K- h) J我们刚到车站，火车就走了。
Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
8 i- L& [' S- W& S2 c我们刚开始就被叫停。
hardly…when和no sooner…than的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。
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every time, by the time, the moment
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Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
我每次乘船都晕船。
The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.
我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。
Next time you come ,you’ll see him.
. Q8 F4 X9 Y  M$ x% e下次你来的时候，就会见到他。
在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。

地
点
状
语
从
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where

wherever
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Where there is water there is life.
哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
. l+ ?3 X+ b- P6 t6 @, g& x( F  NYou are free to go wherever you like.
你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。
* u+ \- a/ y: M! y# f4 Q* `3 ?3 TWherever you go, you must obey the law.
无论你去哪都要遵守法律。
where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。