2012英语四级语法讲义大全：状语从句一

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种类
5 k* T" t  ^6 H" R从属连句
例           句
  ~9 h; E: A6 H: b2 P4 F3 D. k说     明
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因
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% \4 s# B3 ?) o3 IAs he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .
由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。
从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。
8 v$ h9 U: V  K  [8 [状
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从
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. u- q' ^1 s# D5 `9 Qnow that, seeing that
( }0 q6 j5 {* ENow (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.
鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。
$ V  X( B3 N- G* aSeeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.
3 X+ y, a. ^: B- D. A! W) m鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。
! M  X0 `6 h( V% \% a% v0 x& z' Xseeing (that), now that 和since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。

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状
语
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that
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so that


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in order that


lest = for fear that
I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.
我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。
% F. T4 c1 n  t% }/ q" nWe’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.
我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。
, R$ [* T5 y" @- _* Z. }$ YThey worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .
他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。
Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.
1 U1 ~7 ~' w" x7 U& n' }多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。
目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号

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果

状
so that  
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" p' Z, B) u7 T+ p7 {, Gso…that
# w. H# f; W+ o' |; N; h5 E% Y& ^We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.
我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了新闻。
He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.
1 y/ U9 v* A2 H" x他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。
# C" X$ Z: W6 b* lso that前有逗号为结果状语从句。
so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词。
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从

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* z- K( Q5 t# ?: g$ _0 P& X* \such…that
He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。
0 G6 X8 A7 X# C8 ?8 GIt is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.
% J/ W6 ]* ?& g7 w& u" E5 ]It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.
这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。
, x  k9 I1 n1 v! Z0 Dsuch…that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /an…that还可以转换用so…that，语气较强
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从属连句
! o; {6 e' ~4 l例            句
$ Y- L$ r' P7 C# ?4 Y8 f说    明

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件

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  R  e4 g8 _  l语
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句
if

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$ f- K  i( k3 k1 uunless


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as/so long as
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in case
so far as
Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.
如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。
, g9 j: E' O; n- K& t1 a4 [& kWe shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.
除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。
= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.
: i+ S6 r: v9 }  G4 x: _So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.
只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。
In case I forget, please remind me about it .
万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。
% j! j. {0 V  w- PSo far as I know, the book will be published next month.
# ~* D. C6 j3 `! @6 ^. l* A% y据我所知，那本书下月出版。

. j( F; f% i, |/ z9 qunless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同义，unless是书面语，if…not是口语，通常二者可以换用。
# X5 f; Q7 l+ a$ ^# F条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。