知识要点:
$ [" ~/ g- R/ n4 H: I# [) Z一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能
9 e: O1 q5 R- G9 ]' d0 W+ V(一)概述:/ x9 A8 Z, }: S' _- y# @
在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。* T9 g8 h' O! T' j
1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:
2 a. H/ u, ^+ t1 G4 g% n1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:
$ j+ Y: h" i1 S" O7 P1 e% JThey built a garden.% e" A; D5 t) \% ]7 t$ m
They suggested building a garden.% @& j# w" o% ^8 d l3 i7 G
2)都可以被状语修饰:. N6 b: B/ c/ `( B. q0 p
The suit fits him very well.4 A8 E+ c( i1 f
The suit used to fit him very well.
+ T( w6 p, `- m* C* X: X& Y3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:* K6 F! R, g" G( i4 s
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
) h i# v& W; ] a5 ?+ b# |( dHe avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式): S5 Q0 ^0 C- g6 \, s; E6 K
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
, F, N- I% B- v! a0 B1 P' ^Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
' u+ f' ^" Y# Y [+ P4)都可以有逻辑主语% _$ N- M4 B% l2 o4 k h6 ~$ O
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)3 }( j/ p9 J4 ?1 G
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
* H8 w+ u/ r6 S7 b3 RWe are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
# T# s7 b! O( G t& z7 sWe being League member, the work was well done.(现在分词的逻辑主语)' A$ V+ K4 D; q& w
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
/ m/ m+ x- i# `$ G: ~ Y1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。' ?1 q7 u- L6 h+ G, l" ]
2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
1 ~: C% T0 e$ M( g2 b* R X3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。 |