知识要点:+ ]9 a! A5 S5 C: T) V2 U5 o
一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能; H$ R2 s3 P8 x) P. t& M
(一)概述:
7 F1 b: I2 S$ U. B在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。: R8 V6 y2 x) K6 a3 s' H
1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:( A; O3 {$ @! i+ }( O! ^
1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:$ e# _( W5 S6 E
They built a garden.1 z# y# X2 M. U5 ]0 w5 r
They suggested building a garden.
5 P; h% {5 N6 Z2)都可以被状语修饰:8 @' O/ S" E& g( ^( `. D$ ?
The suit fits him very well.* Y1 g! t& x( ^4 L/ T
The suit used to fit him very well.
9 [6 m7 o. v9 s7 c, f: X( u3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:+ z7 g9 n7 w$ n$ q" Z2 Q8 E
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)3 f$ K# G+ ~9 g$ X, e2 E( S- m/ }
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
8 Z+ s5 c3 h2 f3 aWe have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
. C+ [$ ^; Q. D! j" r. x- X2 QHaving written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)0 p$ V! |4 Q8 f$ D' F
4)都可以有逻辑主语7 b/ J: m7 V5 e* K% x
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)! J+ j1 I- Q( Y$ L) ~
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)9 \7 d0 n! m) g1 {/ L4 {" v4 K' i
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)* ?' N$ B/ x( Q: ]
We being League member, the work was well done.(现在分词的逻辑主语)
4 [ G0 _' f* K3 @, |3 N2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
/ j( y. W3 Z' A! w( m1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。. j$ I7 W, G9 Y; E
2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
1 J3 @' l( P/ p/ ~, }/ a3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。 |