非谓语动词的句法功能:; n" p7 @ s% j+ Q
句子成分% |' [3 i. l* E0 ?% F" W
非谓语 8 m4 t3 y0 _" S
; `$ H' v6 K, W
主语7 y3 m8 x# U+ ^
) u% [+ j# `8 l1 J; o
表语# G: V2 y* |. @3 T# M$ l
/ o4 u! D( I7 N! v& T1 T/ Y
宾语
) U3 B7 w7 W/ g) z - n* \+ W& }0 Z! _- g4 ^
补语( a+ r1 A" m. U
+ t! j( Y8 [6 i定语
& h8 ^1 D/ N: N
6 d$ V& ^* B: M, N( [状语* v) r9 [* ], {$ L- v( V3 h
7 R. W9 U4 r2 w! U1 y# O* P同位语
0 P9 B- }( j* ~5 J7 J不定式
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ü
2 \$ x' q: u! I$ jü
5 {- o6 Q0 ?: R7 n J( g- Y( zü
! n% R6 @$ }* I3 {9 j3 V6 Uü5 N; P! S( z5 o, }5 H
ü# A8 R$ ]5 t9 K S
ü
. V& i8 }: {3 a+ d9 s动名词* {. E$ I6 x4 ^) _2 Y
ü
. V2 c3 l8 c6 \ü* L1 E# ^3 J, j7 E- l5 ?
ü
, b- m' b7 F7 n* [% M/ g(极少)
/ v O% t$ W! i3 x/ u$ }* H a, @- }ü" Z6 }( f3 r1 f3 n+ A V9 {
& l' ?, e' J w( F$ N8 K/ ?
ü, e; ?+ D# ?6 U$ X8 P! t
现在分词/ d4 c, n3 D/ W- x) G* G
% G( y+ i6 a) ~5 V/ X5 ^2 v7 u: Lü8 b7 S: [4 u i* u! k' a0 K# [# F, ]+ W
. y1 X7 U9 O7 ~% k( A* P. h, A5 ~: T
ü
0 x4 b E( W2 Hü9 [; p0 y k& [. J$ ~ \8 K9 ~
ü3 Q+ D& n( L7 E! c, j- a# P/ E
$ `8 n8 d+ e2 B; Y8 `4 Q
过去分词1 U2 Q8 w9 W4 G2 O% l, O: N
' K. G; z! R4 r/ Y' b& Bü1 |' X4 z; Q# g! g, _! n
, d; R3 N% P$ N& r) w0 c* e6 Gü
% l& b, R- Z3 j. Z- Qü
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7 o$ a! U1 Z# B. `
二、非谓语动词用法:3 e( S$ p& g4 r: U
(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
* ?0 T- x% K2 x# c1、不定式的形式:
+ a! {% i5 V0 T, }, O* q
" k2 @$ n0 r( q* s, `$ Q主 动2 i( e9 G& X) J& g
被 动% s+ F% A; U, j; J' O2 c
一般式9 g1 ^* K t& V7 Z% Z
to write
6 ^# P$ t! @ ^to be written
9 r$ @1 y2 S* c" i进行式8 ]. ]/ L" y' g+ O+ G
to be writing
4 m* H( _% L" P! K; P. `* G/# }0 C& c# o+ r# b
完成式
' F+ U$ Q1 g' Yto have written3 J: a U' M+ @
to have been written
: F2 f. M D6 h$ g/ o3 \' U1 k4 ~: c/ S/ ~: c
否定式:not + (to) do
' z5 @" X7 E" J4 }1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,例如:
# p8 E0 A* L- r$ MI’m glad to meet you.1 q5 p" Q' n" W2 z) T
He seems to know a lot. x$ h/ C- \9 ]6 j* L5 e
We plan to pay a visit.
' Q/ ], u: w% D/ v$ o5 b, ZHe wants to be an artist.& _5 p1 k( a/ n' u2 G$ [3 Z. \; W5 [
The patient asked to be operated on at once.6 a& ?, @6 A+ f" y2 c
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
' r+ s( ~8 C1 @; U2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:' n5 x. v+ O0 j6 {. S: q, u- H& ?
The boy pretended to be working hard.
: ~; \! M6 A- {. b& gHe seems to be reading in his room.1 o: p$ z+ M B8 c( ?# H* Z( W Y
3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:
3 B5 z) `! |4 k: eI regretted to have told a lie.5 c7 B# i. J, A
I happened to have seen the film./ _4 t6 E$ ^7 C
He is pleased to have met his friend. |