2012英语四级语法讲义大全：非谓语动词三

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2、不定式的句法功能：
: H- y2 }3 b! q8 \5 A1）作主语：
' {9 H) T9 k; d$ Z5 p: g4 STo finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
$ M/ G' d# o9 R* ?) G9 @It means failure to lose your heart.
! @4 H% D$ P* }( U9 j2）作表语：
" G/ H5 b! Q% E' PHer job is to clean the hall.
( t# c$ h# D1 t/ h: e. dHe appears to have caught a cold.
6 ]" r/ {" ]: `7 D3）作宾语：
  U- g6 j. K3 d" M' M$ E) j/ @常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
4 n9 G  s/ r. ~9 |1 ?' RHe gave us some advice on how to learn English.