2、不定式的句法功能:
: H- y2 }3 b! q8 \5 A1)作主语:
' {9 H) T9 k; d$ Z5 p: g4 STo finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.; K1 A3 j& c2 {
To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用形式主语it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式:; `, J+ d, @4 Z4 T0 S; s6 l
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
$ M/ G' d# o9 R* ?) G9 @It means failure to lose your heart.
! @4 H% D$ P* }( U9 j2)作表语:
" G/ H5 b! Q% E' PHer job is to clean the hall.
( t# c$ h# D1 t/ h: e. dHe appears to have caught a cold.
6 ]" r/ {" ]: `7 D3)作宾语:
U- g6 j. K3 d" M' M$ E) j/ @常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:0 L" W( y8 p6 |$ J* E3 F
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.2 E2 p9 ?% A/ @' z& T: N
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:% n$ Z3 L! _) t+ E" q
I have no choice but to stay here.% [8 f3 M' {( c$ i8 d2 U
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike." b% N8 z/ {) N; B4 V8 G
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:
4 n9 G s/ r. ~9 |1 ?' RHe gave us some advice on how to learn English. |