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[四级词汇语法] 2012英语四级语法讲义大全:非谓语动词用法对比一

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发表于 2012-8-14 00:30:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
知识要点: ; e, e6 c& K; Y7 ?# U* r* y( `0 L
一、不定式与动名词做主语: 8 {+ o7 O1 R( w# _7 G
1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如: 8 p, V. Q! P, b; P  K: k9 Y0 V
Collecting information about children’s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。
# g2 W  |* a4 p) @It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。 $ z3 P* V5 D6 i8 t1 U3 _* o
2、常用不定式做主语的句型有:
# K6 e% y$ U( Z( t4 J9 ?) K- o7 z(1)It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do
; d$ B8 e% n, m0 z3 p: Y; S8 v- H4 F(2)It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. " w( c5 v2 ^- S9 `% T' P
3、常用动名词做主语的句型有: / Q% S  D9 Q! s/ \# Z2 n% V( u
It’s no good (use, fun) doing.
9 q( _2 u4 _4 M' O0 ]It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.
( C$ _3 D' R" Q, r) @/ VIt’s worth while doing. ' Y3 u9 j6 G+ Z3 X1 {
二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语: 4 E0 a% K! u* t" o1 Q0 B
1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。
, t" E0 D& r5 C& s; BHis teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability. 他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。
6 ^0 R2 g0 w1 y; q/ X# @+ l( c2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释,这时主语与表语位置可以互换,动名词常用于口语中。
8 H8 j1 m9 a( a! ~# ]& m& ?4 wIts full-time job is laying eggs. 它的(指蚁后)的专职工作是产卵。 9 j) Y: D& c) v1 V, w( L
3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征;进行时表示正在进行的动作。
, y# q  O4 b+ f4 p3 [! eThe task of this class is practising the idioms. (现在分词做表语) 3 p2 o* @. k# @; j
With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. (现在进行时)
* M; g, m" \* C. U4 r6 J4、常用作表语的现在分词有:interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。
4 Q* [8 U8 S6 ?+ f# b1 h6 x$ J: LThe joke is amusing .这笑话很逗人。
$ c' z* ?7 H) _+ P3 nThe problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人不解。
4 M5 q" [+ d' ^9 A: @9 \! v" |4 K5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。
, m! N& G0 n5 `& SThe village is surrounded by high mountains.(过去分词做表语) 4 O0 w2 z6 D0 f6 h
The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.(被动语态) / b! A$ @1 @1 H& Q8 f( Z6 j
He is well educated.(过去分词做表语)
" T( \- H+ V' y7 o  F+ d2 r; F% lHe has been educated in this college for three years.(被动语态) : y1 r; U1 I' Q' u8 }. p! O. v& s  M+ V
常用在句中做表语的过去分词有:used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等。
7 b! T. J, l( z8 M6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同:interest(使…感兴趣),surprise(使…吃惊),frighten(使…害怕),excite(使…兴奋),tire(使…疲劳),please(使…满意),puzzle(使…迷惑不解),satisfy(使…满意),amuse(使…娱乐),disappoint(使…失望),inspire(使…欢欣鼓舞),worry(使…忧虑)
' N) v% g- Q1 M9 U( I它们的现在分词常修饰物(有时修饰人),表示主动,过去分词常修饰人,表示被动(包括某人的look、voice等)。例如: ( @0 M% G% X: P, _9 t# X
Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。 # P1 ^; v/ ^) ^! D; ?
They are very tired. 他们很疲劳 0 s* P- @& B6 p7 i( R+ g" S
After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.
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