时态的呼应 6 F& k. v; S- M8 n+ x* @% W% O 时态的呼应又称时态一致(Sequence of Tenses),指的是某些从句里的动词谓语时态必须和主句里的时态保持一致。 n ]; ?" ^# y# a
如果主句里的谓语动词是过去时态(过去时或过去完成时),那么从句的谓语动词时态也相应地要用过去时。时态的呼应主要发生在间接引语和宾语从句中,但其他从句有时也存在时态一致的问题。 " \$ M0 q$ p) z/ @3 s* E* s# A4 Q
--He explained that he had learned Chinese for many years.(现在完成时变为过去完成时) - a+ D# j% S) N# g) A9 V
--He said he had been collecting materials on that subject for a long time.(过去进行时变为过去完成进行时) www.examw.com 9 r3 S% X/ l8 o# z5 s1 A; \ --He told me that they would have completed that project by the end of the year.(将来完成时变为过去将来完成时) 8 I$ n/ A/ H# d$ B1 j' b' a& m
虽然主句用了过去时等,如果从句表示的是科学真理、客观事实或某人(物)的经常性特点时,其时态可以不必遵守时态呼应的规则而仍用一般现在时。 2 G1 Q- K3 s1 m! k6 A( K4 @$ X& ` --Galileo proved that the earth revolves round the sun. $ u8 {5 H0 Y5 C5 t0 R --The teacher told the students that knowledge is power. $ R/ ]# {% U$ H/ n4 `: k 如果从句中有一个表示绝对过去时间的状语,就不必把一般过去时变为过去完成时。 ( D* F. m' z" O6 U8 n* D% w' R
--He said that he joined the Red Army in 1933.