2012大学英语四级语法：定语从句（下）

会计考友

5.介词+关系代词(which/whom等)引出的定语从句
　　如果关系代词(which/whom等)在定语从句中作介词的宾语，那么这个介词可以提到从句前，构成“介词+关系代词(which/whom等)+定语从句”。在这种结构中关系代词不可以用that。
　　This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.
5 y- I" v4 y. ^* i5 k, l& Z　　The four travelers with whom I shared the room were pleasant people.
2 K) B! X1 l6 i$ F8 N5 i　　6.关系代词在限制性定语从句中常可以省略,一般有以下几种情况:
　　1) 关系代词在从句中作直接宾语时，在大多数情况下可以省略。
! r3 X  B9 H4 B3 \$ }8 c/ b$ [　　This is something (that) you must always keep in mind.
　　The man (whom) you just met is our manager.
) I" U. @$ i: y" i; w, G5 R　　关系代词作介词宾语时，介词位于句尾时关系代词可以省略;介词位于关系代词之前时则关系代词不能省略。
3 f) g5 F9 r7 i  T8 D　　This is the room (which) Churchill was born in. 考试用书
2 R. @% \1 @5 S! V0 Y; b　　This is the room in which Churchill was born.(which不可省略)
+ L2 _3 i( w6 D9 U6 T　　2) 关系代词作主语时一般不能省略，但如果关系代词在由there … be存在句构成的定语从句中作主语时常可省略。
" `' s- t: B- O# O$ I# ]　　This is the only book (that) there is on this subject.
) J/ v" B  x8 H. T　　The old professor made full use of the time (that) there was left to him to continue his research.
! L. e6 t# h! Y0 `　　3) 在way后面的定语从句中in which或that通常省略。
, W2 X+ @$ n; \+ p! V　　That’s the way (that/in which) I look at it.
7 |2 T$ L3 a" S# v9 W& v6 M　　I don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.
　　7.非限制性定语从句
+ Z% X# R: k  k2 n# p- }$ p　　非限制性定语从句修饰先行词或整个主句，起补充说明的作用，如果省略掉，原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定语从句要用逗号与主句隔开，其引导词不能用that。非限制性定语从句属于正式语体。经常考到的非限制性定语从句有以下三种。
! _/ `  ]0 ^0 c0 |8 t+ }　　1) 由which、as引导的非限制性定语从句。which、as代表整个主句。
　　He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
　　China is still a developing country, which is known to all of us.
　　2) 由 “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
　　He sent her a letter, in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.
　　He failed to pass the exam, because of which his parents scolded him.
　　4) 由 “数词、代词或名词+of +关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
　　He had three sons, one of whom was my son’s classmate.
9 ]4 _# H4 h6 X8 \4 B" V　　There are about twenty students in this course, most of whom are freshmen.
( c/ O5 v* }1 L1 l　　They are two different words, the spellings of which are easily confused.