2012大学英语四级语法：常考的几种倒装结构

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常考的几种倒装结构  
! u" l9 C! k1 C* G　　1) 当表示否定或基本否定的词或词组位于句首作状语时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有：never, nowhere, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, barely, not until, not only, by no means, in no time, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way, in no case, at no time, on no account等。
$ z; b& Q4 b- t3 |　　Never have I heard it before.
　　Nowhere can I find my lost watch. 外语学习网
  C2 D; f' Y  p* x0 c　　Under no circumstance should a student cheat in the exam.
　　Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet.
　　Note: 当 “no sooner … than”和“hardly/scarcely … when/before”位于句首时用倒装。该结构表示“一…就…”，在时态上主句一般用过去完成时，when或than引导的从句用一般过去时。
6 g! z  e: y: [　　Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when/before the bell rang.
　　No sooner had the performance begun than the lights went out.
　　2) 当here, there, then, thus, only, hence, little等副词位于句首，句中主、谓用倒装。
% e$ v7 O8 X, T0 l　　Here is the book for you.
2 s8 s; \( ^- S3 o8 t- K$ }　　There goes the bell.
0 V) P: T2 g+ ?4 t9 {* ]: |　　Then came the order to take off. 考试用书
　　Thus arose the division between the developed and developing countries.
　　3) 当 “so/such … that”结构中的so或such 位于句首时用倒装。
. H0 O. H% g  M: g. Z  K1 b　　So cold was it at night that I could hardly fall asleep.
　　Such was the force of explosion that all the windows were broken.
　　4) 分句以so, neither, nor, no more等副词位于句首，表明前面句子中所说明的情况也使用于后面的句子时用倒装。
　　Copper is a good conductor. So are many other metals.
　　He didn’t see the film last night, neither did she.