2012年12月大学英语四级语法：倒装

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2012年12月大学英语四级语法：倒装
  P- ]! R0 n( B7 }! U4 ^　全部倒装和部分倒装: 如果谓语在主语前面, 就是倒装语序. 倒装语序又分为全部倒装和部分倒装. 在全部倒装的句子中, 整个谓语都放在主语的前面:
/ l8 Y, M4 i# h' ]/ l1 `　　Here are some registered letters for you.
+ Q8 M; ]2 n, a" \5 w* i6 H　　In came a man with a white beard.
　　在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词, 或系动词be等)放在主语前面, 其余部分仍在主语后面:
- |! `- b% @5 p5 b　　Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.
# y4 W6 \9 ?  D% \　　I couldn’t answer the question. Nor could anyone else in our class.
　　Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task.
　　以neither, nor, so等开始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(否定句), 助动词或be置于主语前.
& D, u. q0 ^/ B5 G5 |' `　　“We must start for the work-site now”. “ So must we.”
　　I am quite willing to help and so are the others.
　　He didn’t drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary.
$ m+ Q& O) ~+ {4 p* O9 B　　“I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.”
　　如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思, 尽管是用so开头, 语序也不要颠倒.
　　“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.”
4 S0 r. i' r. d/ i* o! s4 y! V6 p　　“Tomorrow will be Monday.” “So it will.”
& _) ~5 t; k3 v. k9 \  {. {　　当句首状语为 never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定词或有否定意义的词语时, 一般引起部分倒装.
　　No longer are they staying with us.
8 I) p* D: @1 c6 @9 Q$ c　　No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.
" g/ _7 D* k9 I0 Q% x& P5 V　　Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle.
　　表示位置或方向的副词提前, 谓语动词为 go, come等表示位置转移的动作动词而主语又较长时, 通常用全部倒装:
　　There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.
　　The door burst open and I rushed the crowd.
* ?' R5 q/ r9 Q" Y+ U# ^7 A　　There comes the bus!
　　Now comes your turn.
/ c7 D* R) t8 o& P/ d　　如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:
3 e, \0 A1 h4 A: P1 |6 o; ~- A　　There comes your turn.
& Q5 K, V* ^' a. b　　有here引起, 谓语为be的句子, 也要倒装:
　　Here is China’s largest tropical forest.
　　Here are some picture-books.
7 X. b! ~- I" o" t, c　　如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:
　　Here we are. This is the new railway station.
: x; [2 R+ X& B　　“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.”
　　表语和系动词提前:
　　介词短语: On the other side was northern Xinjiang.
7 `1 W3 I1 D# I8 F0 W( e　　Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.
# D& T) |6 L" s- t6 P　　形容词: Very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.
" C5 Z; E2 s, F& A/ s6 p$ O　　Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.
　　副词: Below is a restaurant.
; H8 z% J( v. }  N/ P　　Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.
% N7 h8 Q/ X) N4 @　　分词: Housed in the Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.
9 H$ P. A6 O* g; k$ T9 G# V　　Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.
) }, c) y* h7 c4 l- ?' w　　Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.
( \9 @. F$ v2 A, x* M! y　　Standing beside the table was an interpreter. 来自www.Examw.com
　　6) 句首状语若由 only + 副词, only + 介词词组, only + 状语从句构成, 引起局部倒装:
　　Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
# ?/ D$ o8 k6 [　　Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.
　　Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
　　有not only开头的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒装:
$ b9 w" ]6 `; I3 N6 W( u+ M! ]# U　　Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
/ f: k6 v3 j4 ~9 [　　Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either.