2012年12月大学英语四级语法：倒装8 j1 f8 o" ?/ b- o4 k) F
全部倒装和部分倒装: 如果谓语在主语前面, 就是倒装语序. 倒装语序又分为全部倒装和部分倒装. 在全部倒装的句子中, 整个谓语都放在主语的前面:
; r6 }6 p" V/ E. a Here are some registered letters for you. ; U# ?% G7 h! r: V j5 j/ {+ I' ~
In came a man with a white beard. ( r% @" e+ {* r2 e
在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词, 或系动词be等)放在主语前面, 其余部分仍在主语后面: / D1 H; |* J0 F
Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post. 3 D( n9 _! P$ O
I couldn’t answer the question. Nor could anyone else in our class. / S, a4 L% L9 D/ E- H9 u9 Q! _
Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task. % Q* Z! ~ i. i3 Z1 m3 o; R
以neither, nor, so等开始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(否定句), 助动词或be置于主语前. $ A# Z, ] y& e* y4 [3 U
“We must start for the work-site now”. “ So must we.” , q' p1 S0 n2 o9 m Q
I am quite willing to help and so are the others. 5 S1 s2 W+ Z# N. Y4 F" _+ A
He didn’t drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary. $ U1 ~' K( |/ B8 N3 w. y+ G
“I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.”
: {" e" {# ^& l0 u; V! Q0 S9 H 如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思, 尽管是用so开头, 语序也不要颠倒.
" w7 e. e& m- C2 }4 P+ w" o1 w- w$ Q “It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” ( ~- w+ }) s& ~+ s6 m, O9 t8 W
“Tomorrow will be Monday.” “So it will.”
. E. {! _( M+ T$ X% b- \0 V6 C 当句首状语为 never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定词或有否定意义的词语时, 一般引起部分倒装.
7 W8 G" I' A; O8 ?& F No longer are they staying with us. , K7 `2 j5 ^3 n+ A$ \: p" c
No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill. 1 }( N8 |! a6 s- O' m3 X
Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle. 0 H# ]7 |3 F4 z. Q: y' V, m, P
表示位置或方向的副词提前, 谓语动词为 go, come等表示位置转移的动作动词而主语又较长时, 通常用全部倒装: % T' S; X+ k* [" O6 T
There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat. # r2 `* N% C- Z
The door burst open and I rushed the crowd. ; U1 K; |8 e! e% W9 C! y
There comes the bus! 2 `3 j1 h& P- F, l/ y
Now comes your turn.
) x+ `+ X: W% F 如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:
2 ?5 v M/ G9 a There comes your turn.
" G: r4 [7 i! C 有here引起, 谓语为be的句子, 也要倒装:
5 G: L$ h8 o; x* f5 {. L7 [) { Here is China’s largest tropical forest. 9 ]# N: ^9 v/ ]& O" I/ G
Here are some picture-books.
/ j3 |2 B& j( `8 s! ^: s; z- d 如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:
0 d, M, c& X, T( @+ R Here we are. This is the new railway station. % A& o/ }+ n) S& I7 L* I
“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.” ! E5 w/ d) @; v J) b% r
表语和系动词提前:
3 Z3 z" A1 o9 q' T 介词短语: On the other side was northern Xinjiang. + S/ }: \6 w7 L( i1 S
Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard. 2 ~* r6 ?+ h: X8 c/ k8 ?/ K
形容词: Very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report. 3 u! ?/ J( @; F0 D! I
Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.
& l3 x0 h5 a" z2 @' W2 o3 y1 ] 副词: Below is a restaurant. % [4 m, X4 \+ v. v4 P
Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.
2 v* e4 i# P* U( M/ n 分词: Housed in the Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.
" l/ w) X# \6 r; Q% F, [ Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink. 2 _3 W) c* B! _, K* ~3 D) d
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.
; [, j: t! W! x- k# p7 } Standing beside the table was an interpreter. 来自www.Examw.com9 S& o$ r; S4 M
6) 句首状语若由 only + 副词, only + 介词词组, only + 状语从句构成, 引起局部倒装:
" m8 s- _' I, [0 z2 j/ e Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
8 Q8 W7 z/ o, |# Q+ C" @ f( ^ Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets. 6 r/ k; T" L |5 F6 J0 v
Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. & h x5 A% K/ o5 @' S* m
有not only开头的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒装:
, P5 f* u7 y! L. L! H2 d2 y7 b3 e Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
0 c2 q2 J7 I! w; y7 Y Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either. |
发表于 2012-8-14 00:34:20
