2012大学英语四级写作语法须知二

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4. 比较法(comparison)  
1 E% j4 Y' ?0 r5 D- O8 n& X: ^! ^; a　　比较法是用一个事物和与其有联系的其他事物加以对比的说明方法。目的是为了帮助读者准确地区分事物，通过对比达到对该事物的深刻认识。
) `/ g* q' z7 H/ L, V　　如：上述范文对三种人生目标在时间上和实际操作上进行了比较，并阐明了彼此的联系。
　　(1)Lifetime goals should be written out. www.Examw.com
　　(2)Like lifetime goals， these are measurable and clearly stated.
　　(3)These goals are more performance oriented， and they help with achievement of intermediate goals.
' e) r9 Y3 a* m  G5. 数字法(statistics) 外语学习网
　　数字法是运用数据来表明事物的本质和特点，准确合理的数据使文章精确可信。
　　【例】
" c' b, U# ^: d# P　　(1)Nearly half of all Americans over age 20 wear a bridge or denture，and more than 20 percent have complete upper and lower denture. By age 50， one out of every two persons has gum disease.
0 [/ w; _+ _6 K( C! j6 s( p　　(2)And it seems sensible to wait. One quarter of all marriages between people under twenty-one end in divorce. In Britain in 1972， there were 124，248 divorces.
; q9 L5 n6 w! w$ a/ M0 L$ S　　说明文的说明方法除上面介绍的常见的几种以外，还有诸如分项法、列举法、比喻法及引用法等，只有综合运用多种说明方法，才能多角度、多层次地全面、清晰、准确地展示客观事物的本来面貌。