2012大学英语四级写作语法须知二

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4. 比较法(comparison)  
　　比较法是用一个事物和与其有联系的其他事物加以对比的说明方法。目的是为了帮助读者准确地区分事物，通过对比达到对该事物的深刻认识。
　　如：上述范文对三种人生目标在时间上和实际操作上进行了比较，并阐明了彼此的联系。
5 Q% E2 e# w4 B0 c. i　　(1)Lifetime goals should be written out. www.Examw.com
2 H6 C- ^6 Q3 ~$ Y% \　　(2)Like lifetime goals， these are measurable and clearly stated.
　　(3)These goals are more performance oriented， and they help with achievement of intermediate goals.
5. 数字法(statistics) 外语学习网
　　数字法是运用数据来表明事物的本质和特点，准确合理的数据使文章精确可信。
　　【例】
　　(1)Nearly half of all Americans over age 20 wear a bridge or denture，and more than 20 percent have complete upper and lower denture. By age 50， one out of every two persons has gum disease.
　　(2)And it seems sensible to wait. One quarter of all marriages between people under twenty-one end in divorce. In Britain in 1972， there were 124，248 divorces.
: m$ [0 e4 B' M9 A6 ]) @　　说明文的说明方法除上面介绍的常见的几种以外，还有诸如分项法、列举法、比喻法及引用法等，只有综合运用多种说明方法，才能多角度、多层次地全面、清晰、准确地展示客观事物的本来面貌。