2012年12月大学英语四级写作技巧指导（1）4 @ v5 R0 o; U* a$ {7 {
冒号的用法 A# i9 X& L6 p6 ^
冒号表示停顿，其停顿时间比分号长比句号短。它可用逗号，有时也可用句号代替。尽管现在冒号的使用不如50到75年前频繁，但现在它使用仍很方便，因为它告诉读者其后仍是对上文进一步的陈述。冒号还能产生轻微的戏剧效果。
3 A/ s- j+ H# y( v" Y 冒号常用于引出一个词、短语、或完整的句子（子句）来强调，举例解释，或证明刚才所说过的内容。
I1 K% ?( v& F! f" @* p8 R 注意：冒号之后的词可用大写也可用小写字母开头。如果冒号之后的词是另一个完整句子的开始，则用大写字母开头。反之，如果冒号之后的词只是句子的一部分，则用小写字母开头。
. m$ Q! W' A9 Y7 L+ I例 May I offer you a suggestion: don’t drive without your seat belts fastened.
5 r' D( t' v/ i0 k) BThe thought continued to perplex him: Where will I go next? 外语学习网
; u, Y4 W3 [& V4 v. v# B# w 用于引出一连串用来解释或强调已叙述过的内容。如：
+ q2 W# @: ^; D8 t: hIn the basement, he kept some equipment for his experiments: the test tubes, some chemical agents, three sun-lamps, and the drill. ; |1 l8 l5 k8 Y+ w
冒号后常为缩排且不用引号、与全文分离的长引文。 5 q' U( c) z+ t7 e, Z% w
President Jiang Zemin enjoys quoting the first line of Lincoln’s Gettysburg address:
$ J# l/ B$ Z3 R+ _3 k: O, E' }Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
. F& {2 y. C% [1 W- S; _8 O1 c( F. { 精典范例 ( H9 f0 ]% O+ u
There are only two tragedies in life: one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it.
. Q) W# A4 k- a' ~) U--英国作家Oscar Wide
: ]+ n$ M2 a% d 写作时，切忌这样写：
( R9 V5 R! B. i4 ^1 T; fThe four major reasons for the landslide victory were: the candidate’s personal popularity, the enthusiastic support of his party, his stand on budget issues, and the general mood of the nation.
S, s& \! A3 z$ x) ?" c 这样用的问题在哪？问题出在冒号用于动词were之后，你可能在英语为母语的人写的报纸或流行刊物中见到这类用法，但它在学术写作中不被大学教师所接受。 在学术论文中，主语补足语或直接宾语应紧跟在冒号之后。主语补足语的修饰词(obvious)使原本存在句子中的问题得到解决：冒号不应紧跟在动词之后。
3 L& P; R0 C( ? M0 z K 上面例题中，取得压倒性胜利的四个原因是明显的：the candidate’s personal popularity, the enthusiastic support of his party, his stand on budget issues, and the general mood of the nation. |
发表于 2012-8-14 00:48:47
