2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题与答案

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:17:01

Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 建设绿色校园很重要
2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……
3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……
Creating a Green Campus
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid
　　Good grades and high tests scores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid.
　　But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.
　　George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.
　　Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008.
　　Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don’t meet need eligibility(资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school.
　　For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running.
　　But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “They’re trying to buy students,” says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum.
　　Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it.
　　“As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,” says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report’s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.
　　Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well,” Inzer says, but “to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”
　　Need-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level.
　　Between 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.
　　But in recent years, a growing chorus(异口同声)of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that there’s this destructive competition going on,” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need.
　　David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors.
　　“No one can take one-sided action,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption(豁免)from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, “This is a merry-go-round that’s going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.”
　　A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs.
　　That’s one reason Allegheny College doesn’t plan to drop merit aid entirely.
　　“We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,” says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny’s vice president for enrollment.
　　Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment(捐赠), meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program.
　　“Yeah, we’re playing the merit game,” acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. “The fact of the matter is, it’s not just about the lowest-income people. It’s the average American middle-class family who’s being priced out of the market.”
　　*A few words about merit-based aid:
　　Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships.
　　Academic merit scholarships are based on students’ grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process.
　　Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel(突出)in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee(裁判). Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance.
　　Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio(选辑)of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.
1. With more and more low-income students pursuing higher education, a number of colleges are ________.
A) offering students more merit-based aid
B) revising their financial aid policies
C) increasing the amount of financial aid
D) changing their admission processes
2. What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago?
A) It tried to implement a novel financial aid program.
B) It added $ 2.5 million to its need-based aid program.
C) It phased out its merit-based scholarships altogether.
D) It cuts its merit-based aid to help the needy students.
3. The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to ______.
A) improve teaching quality B) boost their enrollments
C) attract good students D) increase their revenues
4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believes ______.
A) it doesn’t pay to spend $ 1 million a year to raise its ranking
B) it gives students motivation to award academic achievements
C) it’s illogical to use so much money on only 4% of its students
D) it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition
5. In recent years, merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based aid due to ______.
A) more government funding to colleges
B) fierce competition among institutions
C) the increasing number of top students
D) schools’ improved financial situations
6. What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird?
A) They would like to see it reduced.
B) They regard it as a necessary evil.
C) They think it does more harm than good.
D) They consider it unfair to middle-class families.
7. Why doesn’t Allegheny College plan to drop merit aid entirely?
A) Raising tuitions have made college unaffordable for middle-class families.
B) With rising incomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid.
C) Many students from middle-income families have come to rely on it.
D) Rising incomes have disqualified many students for need-based aid.
8. Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whether the recipients remain ______.
9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a recommendation from a coach or a referee who ______ their exceptional athletic performance.
10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarships must produce evidence to show their ______ in a particular artistic field

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:17:02

Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
11.
A) Get some small change.    B) Find a shopping center.
C) Cash a check at a bank.       D) Find a parking meter.
12.
A) Shopping with his son.       B) Buying a gift for a child.
C) Promoting a new product.    D) Bargaining with a salesgirl.
13.
A) Taking photographs.       B) Enhancing images.
C) Mending cameras.          D) Painting pictures.
14.
A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young.
B) He can provide little useful information.
C) He will show the woman around Baltimore.
D) He will ask someone else to help the woman.
15.
A) He is rather disappointed       B) He is highly ambitious.
C) He can’t face up to the situation D) He knows his own limitation.
16.
A) She must have paid a lot　　
B) She is known to have a terrific figure.
C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results.
D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.
17.
A) Female students are unfit for studying physics.
B) He can serve as the woman’s tutor.
C) Physics is an important course at school.
D) The professor’s suggestion is constructive.
18.
A) Indifferent. B) Doubtful. C) Pleased.    D) Surprised.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19.
A) He prefers the smaller evening classes.
B) He has signed up for a day course.
C) He has to work during the day.
D) He finds the evening course cheaper.
20.
A) Learn a computer language.
B) Learn data processing.
C) Buy some computer software.
D) Buy a few coursebooks.
21.
A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45.
B) From September 1 to New Year’s eve.
C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks.
D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total.
22.
A) What to bring for registration.
B) Where to attend the class.
C) How he can get to Frost Hall.
D) Whether he can use a check.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23.
A) A training coach.                   B) A trading adviser.
C) A professional manager.             D) A financial trader.
24.
A) He can save on living expenses.       B) He considers cooking creative.
C) He can enjoy healthier food.          D) He thinks take-away is tasteless.
25.
A) It is something inevitable.　　          B) It is frustrating sometimes.
C) It takes patience to manage. 　　       D) It can be a good thing.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26.
A) There were no planets without moons.
B) There was no air or water on Jupiter.
C) Life was not possible in outer space.
D) The mystery of life could not be resolved.
27.
A) It has a number of active volcanoes.
B) It has an atmosphere like the earth’s.
C) It has a large ocean under its surface.
D) It has deep caves several miles long.
28.
A) Light is not an essential element to it.
B) Life can form in very hot temperatures.
C) Every form of life undergoes evolution.
D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29.
A) Whether they should take the child home.
B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were.
C) Who should take care of the child at home.
D) When the child would completely recover.
30.
A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.
B) She makes them write down all her instructions.
C) She has them act out what they are to do at home.
D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.
31.
A) It lacks the stability of the printed word.
B) It contains many grammatical errors.
C) It is heavily dependent on the context.
D) It facilitates interpe

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:17:03

Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32.
A) Job security.
B) Good labour relations.
C) Challenging work.
D) Attractive wages and benefits.
33.
A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.
B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.
C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs.
D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.
34.
A) Offer them chances of promotion.
B) Improve their working conditions.
C) Encourage them to compete with each other.
D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.
35.
A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.
B) They concern a small number of people only.
C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.
D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上。
　　In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be (36) ______ into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process.
　　Factual writing provides (37) ______ information on an author, composer, or artist or on a type of music, literature, or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket or (38) ______ cover and longer pieces, such as an article describing a style of music which you might read in a music (39) ______ course. This kind of writing provides a (40) ______ for your study of the humanities.
　　As its name (41) ______, descriptive writing simply describes, or provides an (42) ______ of, a piece of music, art, or literature. For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the (43) ______ a composer included in a musical composition, so as to make pictures or sounds in the reader’s mind by calling up specific details of the work. (44) ________.
　　Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about a result. (45) ________. This kind of writing is often found in art, where understanding how an art has created a certain effect is important. (46) _________.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
　　In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a child’s language development than mothers, a new study suggests.
　　Researchers ___47___ 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-class families, with married parents both living in the home.
　　When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, ___48 all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.
　　The scientists measured the ___49___ number of utterance (话语) of the parents, the number of different words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other ___50___ of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.
　　Finally, the researchers ___51___ the children’s speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother’s level of education, the ___52___ of child care and the number of different words the father used.
　　The researchers are ___53___ why the father’s speech, and not the mother’s, had an effect.
　　“It’s well ___54___ that the mother’s language does have an impact,” said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had ___55___ had a strong influence on their children’s speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, “or it may be that mothers are __ 56___ in a way we didn’t measure in the study.”
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
A) already    B) analyzed    C) aspects    D) characters          E) contributing    F) describing       G) established    H) quality
I) quoted          J) recording       K) recruited       L) total
M) unconscious    N) unsure          O) yet
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:17:04

Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
　　Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.
　　Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.
　　These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.
　　It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.
　　Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.
57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?
A) She serves as a role model for African women.
B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.
C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.
D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.
58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?
A) They are victims of violence.
B) They are of an inferior violence.
C) They use quite a lot of body language.
D) They live on charity and social welfare.
59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?
A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.
B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.
C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.
D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.
60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?
A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,
B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.
C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.
D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.
61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?
A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.
B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.
C) Outshine previous First Lady.
D) Fully display her fine qualities.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
　　When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.
　　Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.
　　The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.
　　Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.
　　In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”
　　Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.
62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?
A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.
B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.
C) American universities are enrolling more international students.
D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.
63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?
A) The political correctness.
B) Their ability to raise funds.
C) Their fame in academic circles.
D) Their administrative experience.
64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?
A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.
B) Their operation is under strict government supervision.
C) They are strengthening their position by globalization.
D) Most of their revenues come from the government.
65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _____.
A) she was known to be good at raising money
B) she could help strengthen its ties with Yale
C) she knew how to attract students overseas
D) she had boosted Yale’s academic status
66. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?
A) They can enhance the university’s image.
B) They will bring with them more international faculty.
C) They will view a lot of things from a new perspective.
D) They can set up new academic disciplines.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:17:05

Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
　　Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently.
　　The current people approach which 67 on younger people and on skills for employment is not 68 to meet the challenges of demographic (人口结构的) change, it says. Only 1% of the education budget is 69 spent on the oldest third of the population.
　　The 70 include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in 71 , that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are 72 state pension age.
　　“ 73 needs to continue throughout life. Our historic concentration of policy attention and resources 74 young people cannot meet the new                            75  ,” says the report’s author, Professor Stephen McNair.
　　The major 76 of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25. 77 people are changing their jobs, 78 , partners and lifestyles more often than 79 , they need opportunities to learn at every age 80 , some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later.
　　People need opportunities to make a “midlife review” to 81 to the later stage of employed life, and to plan for the transition (过渡) 82 retirement, which may now happen 83 at any point from 50 to over 90, says McNair.
　　And there should be more money 84 to support people in establishing a 85 of identity and finding constructive 86 for the “third age”, the 20 or more years they will spend in healthy retired life.
67. A) operates       B) focuses       C) counts    D) depends
68. A) superior       B) regular       C) essential    D) adequate
69. A) currently       B) barely       C) anxiously    D) heavily
70. A) regulations    B) obstacles       C) challenges    D) guidelines
71. A) enjoyment    B) retirement    C) stability    D) inability
72. A) over          B) after          C) across       D) beside
73. A) Indentifying    B) Learning       C) Instructing D) Practicing
74. A) at          B) by             C) in          D) on
75. A) desires       B) realms          C) needs       D) intentions
76. A) measure       B) ratio          C) area       D) portion
77. A) When       B) Until          C) Whether    D) Before
78. A) neighbors    B) moods          C) homes       D) minds
79. A) age          B) ever          C) previously    D) formerly
80. A) For example    B) By contrast    C) In particular    D) On average
81. A) transform    B) yield          C) adjust       D) suit
82. A) within       B) from          C) beyond       D) to
83. A) unfairly       B) unpredictably    C) instantly       D) indirectly
84. A) reliable       B) considerable    C) available       D) feasible
85. A) sense          B) conscience    C) project       D) definition
86. A) ranks          B) assets          C) ideals       D) roles
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
87. You would not have failed if you __________________________(按照我的指令去做).
88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ______________(放弃对知识的追求).
89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time ______________(我们找到治愈癌症的方法).
90. Production has to be increased considerably to __________________(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步).
91. The more exercise you take,________________________(你越不大可能得感冒).

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:17:06

2009年12月大学英语四级考试答案详解
　　Part Ⅰ Writing
　　审题谋篇
　　本次四级作文主题为“绿色校园”，这是一个看似简单普通的话题，写起来却不是那么容易。因为很多考生对于“绿色校园”所表达的内涵感觉比较生僻。假如对“绿色校园”这一主题感到难以把握，考生可以从作文提纲入手进行分析以获取对“绿色校园”这一概念的相关信息。根据作文提示2，可以看出此处的“绿色校园”指的决不仅仅是青青的草地和高大的树木构成的校园绿色风景，也不仅仅指对校园环境的珍视和爱护，而是指一种环境保护的文化氛围和师生具有的环境素养，以及由此带来的和谐的人文环境和社会绩效。在深入理解概念的基础上，考生还应对 “绿色校园”的重要性进行剖析，这时，考生可以从多个角度组织素材，比如从校园的环境问题出发，进而扩展到师生的环境意识对“绿色校园”所产生的长远意义以及为未来环境改善所做的贡献。最后是阐述建设“绿色校园”所要采取的措施。需要注意的就是作文给分的重点在于考生如何用恰当的语言词汇表达自己的思想观点。而不是写得越多，得分就越高。一般分成三个自然段，大概十句话，基本的分布为首段、末段合起来五句或六句，中间段五句或四句，做到结构清楚，重点突出，就可以了。
　　参考范文
　　Creating a Green Campus
　　Recently, with the idea of making and maintaining “a green earth” being the focus of the society, “green campus” has become a more and more popular concept in universities or colleges, which, undoubtedly, will bring us an ever-lasting benefit to both our campus and our society.
　　The concept of “green campus” does not only mean a green environment but also refers to an environmental sense in people’s mind. Campus plays a crucial role in educating the young generation and the consciousness of “green campus” will definitely produce a profound effect on students’ various environmental protection activities after their graduation. What’s more, the young generation is under the burden of severe environmental pollution and there are many problems waiting for them to solve.
　　To make “green campus” come true, firstly, it is necessary to work out effective principles for the development of sustainable and recyclable campus. Secondly, it calls for people’s awareness of the serious pollution around us and actual action to reduce the waste. Last but not least, it is necessary to strengthen the ties between campus and society, so as to ensure that “green campus” can work smoothly with the co-effort of the whole society.
　　建设绿色校园
　　近来，随着建设并保持“绿色地球”的观念成为社会关注的焦点，“绿色校园”也成为校园里流行的话题。这无疑会给我们的校园和社会带来长远的利益。
　　“绿色校园”不仅仅指绿色的环境，还包括人们头脑中的环境意识。学校在培养年轻一代上起着关键作用，“绿色校园”的意识必定会对学生毕业后的环境保护意识产生长远影响。更为重要的是，年轻一代面临着严重的环境污染，有太多问题等待他们去解决。
　　为使“绿色校园”成为现实，首先应该制定出可持续发展、可长远发展的有效政策。其次，还需要人们对环境污染的严肃性有正确认识并采取实际行动切实减少污染。最后但同样重要的是，有必要加强学校和社会的联系以便在全社会共同努力下使“绿色校园”顺利实施。
　　范文点评
　　范文以“绿色校园”开篇，保证了文章切题。第一段开门见山，强调当今环保理念下构建“绿色校园”的长远意义。第二段，着重讨论“绿色校园”的含义，指出“绿色校园”不仅指校园中的绿化，还指生活在校园中的人们的绿色和环保意识，把校园这个小环境和社会这个大环境结合起来，说理更加深刻。第三段是谈及具体的做法，分一、二、三点进行论述，无疑是使“绿色校园”的理念落在实处。结构完整，首尾呼应，用词准确。关系词的正确使用让句与句之间、段与段之间衔接紧凑，思想表达成熟有深度。
　　【生动的用词】 maintain保持;concept概念;profound长远的;sustainable可持续的;recyclable可循环的。
　　【丰富的短语】bring benefit to带来利益;play a crucial role in发挥关键作用;under the burden of在……重负下;come true实现;call for要求。
　　【多变的句式】
　　范文中长句、短句、简单句、复杂句交叉使用。不同句型之间的转换，能让阅卷老师更好地了解考生对句子结构的掌握运用，从而获得高分。
　　避错指导
　　本次作文在题材上，虽然仍然延续了我们所熟悉校园类话题，但与社会背景有很大关系。刚刚闭幕的哥本哈根世界气候大会使环保减排这个主题成为焦点，在全世界都提倡可持续发展、和谐发展这一背景下的“绿色校园”，同时也是一个社会热点话题，这是我们审题时所必须考虑的。另外开篇时，切忌拖泥带水，应直截了当，使阅卷老师对文章主题一目了然。
　　除正确审题之外，考生还应注意语言的准确运用，不落俗套。不同句型之间转换时，考生应对句子结构全面掌握，避免句式错误造成扣分。
　　最后，应尽量避免单词拼写错误。本次作文常见的卷面拼写错误如下表：
　　正确拼写词性及词义错误的拼写
　　focus n. 焦点 focuse
　　effect n. 影响 effection /affect
　　environment n. 环境 envirment/invironment
　　burden n. 负担 burdon
　　solve v. 解决 slove
　　serious a. 严肃的 serous
　　true a. 真的 ture
　　society n. 社会 soceity
　　theory n. 理论 thery
　　总之，考生在构思和写作过程中要尽可能做到思路完整，恰如其分地选择词汇。毕竟，无错表达才是四级语言表达合格的核心。
　　能力拓展
　　【同义词转换】
　　作文表达除了准确，还要做到句式多变，词汇灵活多样。
　　1. realize → be aware of 意识到
　　We’d better be aware of the seriousness of pollution around us. 我们最好意识到周围污染的严峻性。
　　2. keep → preserve 保持
　　It is necessary to educate the students to be conscious of the importance to preserve the environment. 有必要教育学生意识到保护环境的重要性。
　　3. lead → conduct 引导
　　This will help conduct the activities of the college students. 这有助于引导大学生的行为。
　　【话题备考锦囊】
　　6. The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment. “绿色校园”绝不仅仅是一个绿色环境。
　　7. The construction of “a green campus” will greatly stimulate students to take part in various environmental protection activities. 建设“绿色校园”将会极大激励学生参与环境保护。
　　8. To bring “a green campus” to its full play, effective measures should be taken. 为全面实施“绿色校园”，必须采取有效措施。
　　9. Campus construction is of vital importance not only to the physical development of students but to their mental health as well. 校园建设不仅对学生的身体发展很重要，而且对他们的心理健康也很重要。
　　10. There is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campus. 毫无疑问，对于绿色校园应该给与更多的思考。
　【话题词汇拓展】
　　devastation n. 毁坏　　　　　　　　　　　 disastrous a. 损失惨重的
　　doom v. 厄运，毁灭　　　　　　　　　　　existence n. 存在，生活
　　healthful a. 健康的                      messy a. 肮脏的，凌乱的
　　participation n. 分享，参与             preserve v. 保存，保护
　　preventive a. 预防性的                   purify v. 澄清，净化
　　stimulation n. 激励，鼓舞                arouse consciousness 唤起意识
　　命题风向标
　　本次作文难度适中，与之前考试中出现的“限塑”主题有千丝万缕的联系。考生要想在本次作文中获取高分，除了审题恰当独到，还要有扎实的语言基础。如本文主题“绿色校园”可以采用多种表达：green campus和environmental-friendly campus;“绿色校园的构建”可以使用create，build up，establish和construct等，以体现考生对词汇多样性的积累。
　　从关注白色污染到关注博物馆免费开放，再到绿色校园构建，四级作文命题重点在侧重校园类话题的同时开始向与大学生生活有关的话题转移。由此也凸显了对历年真题分析的重要意义。更多地立足真题，总结规律，切实提高自己语言能力，始终是四级作文备考的根本。

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:17:07

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
　　篇章结构

核心词汇
　　1. aid n. ①帮助，援助 ②助手v. 帮助，援助
　　【用】financial aid经济援助;merit aid/ Merit-based奖学金;need-based aid助学金或经济资助;foreign aid外援，对外援助;hearing aid助听器;aids and appliances用具，设备【搭】in aid to用来帮助，起……作用;lead one’s aid (to)援助，给予帮助;in aid of作为援助……之用【拓】aidance n. 协助，帮助;aidant a. 帮助的;aided a. 辅助的
　　2. project v. ①设计 ②发射n. 事业，计划，工程
　　【用】Project Hope希望工程;project manager项目经理;project plan项目规划;project budget项目预算，工程预算【拓】projection n. 突出，发射;projecting a. 突出的
　　3. selective a. 选择性的
　　4. 【用】selective analysis重点分析;selective breeding选择育种，选择性繁殖【拓】select v. 挑选，选拔a. 精选的;selection n. 选择，挑选，选集
　　5. package n. 包裹;套装软件，程序包a. 一揽子的
　　【用】package design包装设计;package agreement一揽子安排，一揽子方案;package holiday(旅行社安排一切的)一揽子旅游;package tour包办旅行(路线、地点、时间和费用等均作统一规定和安排的旅游);package program组装程序【拓】pack n.包装，背包v. 包装，压紧;packaged a. 袋装的;packager n. 打包机
　　6. ranking a. 头等的;n. 等级，地位
【用】ranking list排名;ranking method等级法，排序法
【拓】rank n. 等级;队列;v. 排列，列队
　　7. grant v. ①授予 ②承认;n. ①授予物 ②拨款
　　【用】grant of a patent授予专利权【搭】take…for granted认为……是理所当然; Granted/Granting that即使……(也)【拓】grants n. 补助金，津贴(grant的复数)
　　8. enrol v. 登记，入学，参军，注册
　　【搭】enrol in选课，参加【拓】enrollment n. 登记，入伍;enrollee n. 入学者，入伍者
　　9. eliminate v. 消除，排除
　　【用】eliminate illiteracy扫盲;eliminate poverty消除贫困;eliminate noise 消除噪声【拓】eliminate 是指把已进入者从中排除;exclude v. 指把想进入者拒之门外
　　10. qualify v. 使具有资格，证明……合格【用】qualifying examination资格考试，初试;qualifying competition预选赛，资格赛【搭】qualify as 取得……资格，作为……合适;qualify for有……的资格，合格【拓】qualified a. 有资格的，合格的
　　11. excel v. 胜过，优于，擅长n. [计算机] 软件名称
【搭】to excel in/at (在某方面)胜过(或超过)别人;to excel in music 擅长音乐
【拓】 excellent a. 极好的，卓越的;excellence n. 优秀，长处
　　12. submit v. 使服从，提交【用】submit oneself to discipline遵守纪律;submit registration提交登记表，提交注册【搭】submit to 服从;submit…to 将……呈交给【拓】 submission n. 服从，投降
　　试题详解
　　1. 【原题译文】随着越来越多的低收入学生追求高等教育，一些学院__。
　　B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是more and more，low-income students和pursuing higher education。由此即可定位到原文第二段，全文的主旨段。
　　【篇章分析】原文第二段指出：“But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as merit aid, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.”原文中with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population和题干中with more and more low-income students pursuing higher education意思一致;原文中re-examining和B选项中revise意思相同。所以答案为B。
　　2. 【原题译文】位于米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前做了什么?
　　D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是大学名称Allegheny College in Meadville和do，由此定位到原文第三段。
　　【篇章分析】原文第三段指出：“George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients (接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.”题目中的D项It cut its merit-based aid help the needy students与原文cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients, pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid意思相同，所以答案为D。
　　3. 【原题译文】有排名意识的大学提供奖学金的主要目的是__。
　　C【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是rankings-conscious和purpose，由此可定位到原文第七段。
　　【篇章分析】原文第七段指出：“But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles.”原文中的recruit表示“招收”，和答案C中的attract意思相似，所以答案为C。
　　4. 【原题译文】汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡•英泽相信__。
　　D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hanilton，由此可定位到原文第十段。
　　【篇章分析】原文第十段指出：“to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”原文与D项it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition意思相同，所以答案为D。
　　5. 【原题译文】近年来，奖学金的增长比助学金快得多，是因为__。
　　B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是merit-based aid和increased，由此即可定位到原文第十二段第二句。
　　【篇章分析】原文第十二段第二句指出：“typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.” in a bid to 可以理解为“为了……，力求……”。enroll top students in the state’s public institutions符合原题意思，所以答案为B
6. 【原题译文】依大卫•莱尔德来看，许多私立学院对奖学金的态度是什么?
　　A【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是David Laird，attitude，private colleges和merit aid，由此即可定位到原文第十四段。
　　【篇章分析】原文第十四段指出：“David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid”。原文和答案A项They would like to see it reduced意思一致，所以答案为A。
　　7. 【原题译文】为什么阿勒格尼学院不打算完全取消奖学金?
　　C【快速解题】本题的题干是Allegheny College和drop merit aid。由此即可定位到原文第十六段。
　　【篇章分析】原文第十六段指出：“A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have to depend on it.”。原文中depend on和答案C选项中的rely on意思相同，所以答案为C。
　　8. qualified
　　【原题译文】每年是否可以继续享受学术奖学金取决于奖学金得主是否继续________。
　　【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是annual renewal，academic，merit scholarships和recipient，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分。
　　【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid部分第四句指出：“These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify”。这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继续享受。原文中的each year在本题中被换成了annual，原文中的renewed在本题中被换成了名词renewal，原文中的continue被转换成了remain，所以本题应该填形容词qualified。
　　9. recognizes
　　【原题译文】体育奖学金申请者要求有______其在运动方面有杰出表现的教练或裁判的推荐。
　　【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是athletic和a coach or a referee，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第三段。
　　【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第三段：“Recommendation for this scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee (裁判).”本奖学金必须有人推荐，因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。题目把原文的被动结构变成了主动，而a coach or a referee是第三人称单数，所以本题应该填的答案是recognizes。
　　10. excellence
　　【原题译文】艺术奖学金要求申请者必须提交能表明其在某一领域______的证明。
　　【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是applicants，artistic merit scholarships，produce evidence和show，由此可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段。
　　【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段指出：“Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area”。艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。原文中的in a given artistic field和题目中的in a particular artistic field同义，题目中需要填的是动词show的宾语，即一个名词，而原句中对应的excel却是动词词性，需要变成名词形式，所以答案就是excel的名词形式excellence。
　　全文精译
　　大学重新审视奖学金的价值
　　许多大学给予学生经济资助时，最重要的依据仍然是学生良好的评估等级和较高的试卷分数。
　　但是在未来几年里，预计低收入家庭的学生数占大学生总数的比例越来越大。一些学校正在重新考虑奖学金是否是利用大学宝贵的资金最有效的途径。
　　例如，华盛顿特区的乔治•华盛顿大学上周公布说将削减约三分之一的奖学金，减少奖学金得主数，而将节省下来的大约250万美元用于助学金。位于宾夕法尼亚州米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前也做出了类似的决定。
　　纽约克林顿市的哈密尔顿学院说它将逐步淘汰奖学金。该规定不会使现有的奖学金得主失去奖学金，助学金制度将从2008年秋天入学的学生开始实行。
　　并不是所有的大学都提供奖学金;一般来说，淘汰率越高的学校，越不太可能提供奖学金。例如，哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学慷慨地提供了各种助学金，但是许多不符合助学条件的家庭为了上名牌大学不管付多少钱都愿意。
　　对于规模较小的地方性学院来说，他们只是努力填满空缺，奖学金只是财政收入的重要来源，因为许多奖学金得主仍需支付比奖学金金额更高的学费，而正是这些学费维持大学的运转。
　　但是对于有排名意识的学校，奖学金已经成为招收一流学生和改善他们的学术效益的一种主要工具。斯基德莫尔大学的经济学家桑迪•波美说，“他们试图购买学生”。
　　研究表明奖学金存在一种倾向，即大部分奖学金得主不依靠奖学金仍能支付得起学费。
　　“展望未来，更迫切需要的助学金投资”，汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡•英泽说。汉密尔顿大学已提供10年的奖学金。在这段时间里，在《美国新闻和世界报导》对最好的文学院的排名中，它从第25名上升到第17名。
　　奖学金每年帮助了大约75名学生，或大约4%的学生，花费大约为一年1百万美元，“奖学金给我们带来了好处”，英泽说，但“奖学金这种变相优惠学费的做法对不需要经济援助的家庭来说，似乎不妥。”
　　助学金目前仍是学生接受资助的主要方式，包括国家助学金、联邦助学金和机构助学金。但是，从总体上和大学层面上来看，主要由学校和州提供的奖学金增长速度很快。
　　一项由美国宾州州立大学教授唐纳德•海勒主持的研究报告表明，在1995-96和2003-04年之间，仅就大学的奖学金而言，增加了212%，而助学金增加了47%。至少有15个州也提供奖学金，通常是为了在公立大学中招收优等生。
　　但是近年来，越来越多的批评已经迫使大学开始减少这种做法。汉密尔顿和其他大学最近的决策可能是“一种迹象，表明人们开始意识到这种破坏性的竞争”，波美说。波美与他人合作，共同发表了一份《大学报告》，对于大学资助不是建立在需要的基础之上表示担忧。
　　明尼苏达私立大学委员会主席大卫•莱尔德认为，很多私立学校想减少奖学金，但害怕这样做，会使优秀学生流失到他们的竞争对手那里去。
　　“没有人可以采取单方面行动，”莱尔德说。他正在探索是否能获得联邦反托拉斯法的豁免，以使会员大学可以讨论如何共同降低奖学金。“这是一个跑得很快的旋转木马，没有大学相信他们能承受摆脱木马束缚的风险。”
　　一个复杂因素就是，奖学金已经在不符合助学金条件的中产阶级家庭中变得很受欢迎，结果许多家庭都依靠它。并且，随着学费不断增加，奖助学金之间的界限也变得模糊了。
　　这是阿勒格尼大学并不打算完全取消奖学金的理由之一。
　　“我们仍然相信对成绩优异者进行奖励的效用，好学生很重视奖学金”，阿勒格尼大学负责招生的副校长斯科特•弗利达霍夫说。
　　位于亚特兰大的艾莫利大学以拥有47亿美元的捐赠而自豪。同时该校拟采取新政策。今年，该大学宣布将取消特困生贷款，同时对中产阶级家庭的贷款进行限额，但它将扩大其已有28年历史的奖学金项目。
　　“是的，我们在玩奖学金游戏，”负责大学本科教育的副院长汤姆兰•卡斯特承认。但这也有它的优势，他说，“事实上，这不仅仅关系到低收入人群，它还关系到无缘问津助学金、普通的美国中产阶级家庭。”
　　* 关于奖学金制度的几点补充
　　奖学金是向在某一领域杰出的学生提供的资助，通常是指学术、体育和艺术奖学金。
　　学术奖学金是以学生在高中阶段的分数，平均成绩和学术表现为基础。它们通常是专门为学生在高中毕业后直接进入大学而设置的。然而，还有为学习成绩格外突出的在校大学生准备的奖学金。这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继续享受。某些情况下，学生在申请过程中可能需要学校或者一位教师推荐。
　　运动奖学金是为在任何一种体育运动中突出的学生设置的奖学金，从足球到田径项目。本奖学金必须有人推荐，因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。申请者需要寄送包含他们最佳表现的一盘磁带。
　　艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。一般包括创作领域，如艺术、设计、时装、音乐、舞蹈或写作。申请艺术奖学金，通常要求学生提供一个选辑，它可以包括艺术作品集、音乐表演录像或舞蹈的视频。

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:17:08

Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
　　Section A
　　试题详解
　　11. A) Get some small change. A)换取零钱。
　　B) Find a shopping center. B)找一个购物中心。
　　C) Cash a check at a bank. C)在银行兑现支票。
　　D) Find a parking meter. D) 找一个停车计费器。
　　【听音指导】选项均缺少主语，属于细节题加转折题型，预读时无需关注句意，直接找相似场景即可，并且按照听力短对话规律，重点仍然在女士话语当中，典型的“转折”出答案题型。
　　【正确项分析】由but后的money changer可知男生需要换零钱，可快速排除选项B (购物中心)和选项D (停车) 二个场景，答案应在选项A、C当中。C选项虽也和“钱”有关，但对话中对该选项中的银行只字未提，由此可知答案为选项A。
　　【原文及译文】
　　M: Excuse me. Do you have change for a ten-dollar note? I need to pay the parking meter.
　　W: I’m sorry, but I think you can get it through the money changer in the shopping center across the street.
　　Q: What is the man trying to do?
　　男士：打扰一下，你能给我换开一张10美元的钞票吗?我需要支付停车费。
　　女士：很抱歉，但我觉得你可以到马路对面的购物中心里的货币兑换中换取零钱。
　　问题：男士要干什么?
　　【词汇点拨】parking meter 停车计费器;cash a check 支票兑现;change n. 零钱
　　12. A) Shopping with his son. A) 与儿子一起购物。
　　B) Buying a gift for a child. B) 给孩子买礼物。
　　C) Promoting a new product. C) 促销新产品。
　　D) Bargaining with a salesgirl. D) 与女售货员讨价还价。
　　【听音指导】预览选项，可发现均缺少主语，与11题一样，属于细节题加建议题型，直接寻找相似场景即可，可快速排除选项C，因为只有C选项是关于“出售”(促销)，而其它选项都和“购买”有关;答案应在选项A、B、D中。
　　【正确项分析】女士话语仍具有绝对指导意义，非常简单的建议考点，竟然直接用到了suggest，其后必有答案，女生提到toy train和brand，加上男生说的school boy，可确定答案为选项B。
　　【干扰项分析】A选项中的son是无中生有，切忌主观猜测。选项D可在听时排除，原文中并无任何涉及关于“还价”或具体金额的内容。
　　【原文及译文】
　　M: Can you recommend something that a school boy of 7 or 8 will really like?
　　W: I’d suggest this toy train, sir. It’s an excellent brand. Very popular all over the world these days.
　　Q: What is the man doing?
　　男士：你能给我推荐一个七八岁学童真正喜欢的东西吗?
　　女士：我给你推荐这款玩具火车。这是一个优秀的品牌。在世界各地都非常受欢迎。
　　问题：男士正在做什么?
　　【词汇点拨】recommend v. 推荐;brand n. 品牌;promote v. 促销;bargain v. 讨价还价
　　13. A) Taking photographs. A) 拍照。
　　B) Enhancing images. B) 突显形象。
　　C) Mending cameras. C) 修理相机。
　　D) Painting pictures. D) 画画。
　　【听音指导】选项仍均缺少主语，属于细节考查题。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。第一句由女士发出，需仔细聆听，原文提到taking pictures(拍照)，由此确定话题方向。
　　【正确项分析】女士说话中提到taking pictures，与选项A中的taking photographs一致，答案为A选项。
　　【原文及译文】
　　W: Do you let people know when you’re taking pictures of them?
　　M: I try not to. You know any picture of a person who poses for the camera would look dull and unnatural.
　　Q: What are the speakers talking about?
　　女士：你给人们拍照时，会让他们知道吗?
　　男士：尽量不让他们知道。你也知道一个人为拍照摆出的姿势看起来呆滞、不自然。
　　问题：讲话人在谈论什么?
　【词汇点拨】pose v. 摆姿势 n. 姿势，姿态;enhance v. 提高，加强;image n. 图像，形象
　　14. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young. A) 他年轻的时候搬到巴尔的摩。
　　B) He can provide little useful information. B) 他提供不了太多有用信息。
　　C) He will show the woman around Baltimore. C) 他将领女士参观巴尔的摩。
　　D) He will ask someone else to help the woman. D) 他将找其他人来帮助女士。
　　【听音指导】此题考查意义解释题加转折题型，此类题型答案多为“听见什么不选什么”。本题需要对考生有一定的实力要求，属于可“失分”的题目。关注动词 move to，provide，show around和ask。
　　【正确项分析】经典转折考法，直接用but定位答案即可，男生说自己当时还很年轻，言下之意自己对当地情况不够了解。答案为B选项。
　　【干扰项分析】根据四级听力中短对话“尾词错误原则”，即结尾内容听得越清楚越不能选，可顺利排除A选项。选项C没有提及。选项D与选项B为相似项，其中应有答案，男士并未主动提出找人帮忙，故排除选项D。
　　【原文及译文】
　　W: I need to talk to someone who knows Baltimore well. I’m told you lived there.
　　M: Oh, but I was really young at the time
　　Q: What does the man mean?
　　女士：我需要找个非常了解巴尔的摩的人。我听说你曾在那里居住过。
　　男士：哦，但是我那时候太年轻了。
　　问题：男士是什么意思?
　　【词汇点拨】show around 领……参观
15. A) He is rather disappointed. A) 他非常失望。
　　B) He is highly ambitious. B) 他很有抱负。
　　C) He can’t face up to the situation. C) 他不能面对处境。
　　D) He knows his own limitation. D) 他知道自己的不足。
　　【听音指导】预读四个选项时只有B提到了“正面、积极”的方向，可初步排除。选项预读较难，但本题属于经典转折题型，关注相应标志词即可。but出现表示“前否后肯”，直接用but定位答案，就可选出正确选项。
　　【正确项分析】原文是“承担责任前需要积累更多经验”，表明他知道自己的不足之处，与选项D同义。
　　【干扰项分析】A选项中是rather，与原文的a little 不一致，可排除。C选项原文中未曾提及。
　　【原文及译文】
　　W: Aren’t you disappointed that you didn’t get the promotion?
　　M: Maybe a little, but I know I need more experience before I’m ready for that kind of responsibility.
　　Q: What do we learn about the man from this conversation?
　　女士：你没有被提升，不觉得失望吗?
　　男士：可能有一点，但我觉得承担责任前需要积累更多经验。
　　问题：从此对话可以得知男士的什么信息?
　【词汇点拨】disappointed a. 失望的;ambitious a. 有雄心的;promotion n. 晋升;responsibility n. 责任
　　16. A) She must have paid a lot for the gym. A) 她一定在健身房花了很多钱。
　　B) She is known to have a terrific figure. B) 她以身材好而闻名。
　　C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. C) 她的健身锻炼取得了很好的效果。
　　D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy. D) 她努力健身的做法值得称赞。
　　【听音指导】预读四个选项，可知选项A与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。选项B、C都是关于锻炼效果极佳的表达，按照惯例其中应该有答案。本题为意义解释题，同义替换是答案。
　　【正确项分析】男士提到your effort has paid off，这与选项C中的has yielded good results一致，故选择C项。
　　【干扰项分析】男士赞扬女士身材好，但未曾提到她以此闻名，B选项可排除。男士也未称赞她的作法，故排除选项D。
　　【原文及译文】
　　W: I’ve been working out the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.
　　M: You look terrific. It seems that your effort has paid off.
　　Q: What does the man imply about the woman?
　　女士：我从一月份一直在健身房锻炼。我之前都有些走形了。
　　男士：现在你看起来很棒。看来你的努力没有白费。
　　问题：男士暗示女士什么?
　　【词汇点拨】gym n. 健身房;yield v. 产生;keep fit 保持体型;work out 体育锻炼;out of shape 走形，走样;pay off 得到好结果
　　17. A) Female students are unfit for studying physics. A) 女学生不适合学习物理。
　　B) He can serve as the woman’s tutor. B) 他可以担当女士的家庭教师。
　　C) Physics is an important course at school. C) 在学校，物理是一门很重要的学科。
　　D) The professor’s suggestion is constructive. D) 教授的建议是有建设性的。
　　【听音指导】本题选项预读最难，找不出明显的相反或相似选项，听前可暂时确定两组方向。选项A、C与物理有关，选项B、D是导师的建议，待场景明确后再排除。
　　【正确项分析】首句用到suggest接着说到tutor场景明确，和选项B、D有关，排除选项A、C。首句Professor Clark suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics，可知答案为选项D。
　　【原文及译文】
　　W: Professor Clark suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics.
　　M: Well, that might help. Advanced physics is a pretty difficult course.
　　Q: What does the man mean?
　　女士：克拉克教授建议我得为高等物理找个家庭教师。
　　男士：嗯，那可能有帮助。高等物理确实是一门比较难的科目。
　　问题：男士的意思是什么?
　　【词汇点拨】tutor n. 家庭教师;constructive a. 有益的，建设性的
　　18. A) Indifferent. A) 漠不关心的。
　　B) Doubtful. B) 怀疑的。
　　C) Pleased. C) 高兴的。
　　D) Surprised. D) 惊奇的。
　　【听音指导】预读时可排除唯一的“积极”选项C。本题为加了“弦外之音” 意义解释题，同义替换是答案，此类题有较少的明显的语言点可以指示答案，难度较大。听音时关注说话者的语气。
　　【正确项分析】女士所谓的好消息是谈话的两个人都没有被炒鱿鱼。男士却既不兴奋，也没有表示怀疑，所以轻易排除选项B、C。因为他已经有点厌倦这份工作了，甚至想到要去辞职。与选项A意义相符。
　　【原文及译文】
　　W: Bill, have you heard the latest news? It appears we two won’t be laid off after all.
　　M: Oh, I’m somewhat tired of working here. I’ve been wondering whether I should resign. Anyway, the news seems to be good for you.
　　Q: How does the man feel about the news?
　　女士：比尔，知道最新消息吗?好像我俩都没有被炒鱿鱼。
　　男士：哦，我在这儿工作有些厌烦了，我一直在考虑我是否应该辞职。无论如何，这个消息对你来说是个好事。
　　问题：男士对新闻是怎么看的?
　　【词汇点拨】indifferent a. 漠不关心的;doubtful a. 持怀疑态度的;lay off 解雇;resign v.辞职;be tired of … 对……厌倦
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
　　19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes. A) 他更喜欢晚上的小班课程。
　　B) He has signed up for a day course. B) 他已经报名参加白天课程。
　　C) He has to work during the day. C) 他白天上班。
　　D) He finds the evening course cheaper. D) 他发现晚上课程更便宜。
　　【听音指导】预览选项，选项A、D讨论evening class，选项B讲述day course，立刻可推测此长对话与课程有关，且该课程有day class和evening class之分。从这四个选项暗含的意义推测，男士应偏重于evening class，可初步推测，此题考查男士选择evening class的原因。
　　【正确项分析】原文中男士明确说明it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day，关键词在于since，正所谓“因果必考”，选项C与原文相符。
　　20. A) Learn a computer language. A) 学习一门计算机语言。
　　B) Learn data processing. B) 学习数据处理。
　　C) Buy some computer software. C) 买一些电脑软件。
　　D) Buy a few course books. D) 买一些课本。
　　【听音指导】行为动作考查题，根据19题推测，本对话涉及报班，由本题四个选项可知，所报课程与电脑有关，因为前三项均与computer有关。可知选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。本题也为一细节题，在听力过程中，应适时记录相关信息。
　　【正确项分析】女士先提到了Have you taken any courses in data processing，在其后紧跟着又对其进行了解释data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer programming。对于data processing在对话中重复出现，且与问题相符，故选择B选项。
　　21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. A) 周四晚，7点至9点45分。
　　B) From September 1 to New Year’s eve. B) 从9月1号至新年前夕。
　　C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks. C) 每周一，持续12周。
　　D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total. D) 一星期三小时，总共45小时。
　　【听音指导】由选项即可知本题考查数字的细节题，且考查的数字为持续的时间，初步推测为某一课程所持续的时间。所以如在听力过程中涉及数字都要作笔记，且应注意数字的上下文场景。
　　【正确项分析】对该问题的回答，信息较分散，最初提到了every Monday, from 7 to 9:45。接下来在let me see停顿之后出现答案12 weeks，from September 1 to Christmas eve. 整合以上信息，应选C。
　　【干扰项分析】选项A错在Thursday evening，原文中明确给出应该是Monday evening。选项B中的New Year’s eve也是偷梁换柱，应为Christmas eve。选项D涉及小计算，每晚3小时，持续12周，应大约总共36小时才正确。
　　22. A) What to bring for registration. A) 登记时需要带什么。
　　B) Where to attend the class. B) 到哪里去上课。
　　C) How he can get to Frost Hall. C) 去弗罗斯特大厅怎么走。
　　D) Whether he can use a check. D) 他是否能用支票。
　　【听音指导】根据“前二后二必考”原则，本题又为本对话的最后一题，此题必在文章后面出题。由四选项的形式可初步推测，本题考查的是问题的内容。
　　【正确项分析】本题的问题直截了当，在原文中男士给出了明确的提问，Is there anything that I should bring with me? 与选项A同义。
　　【干扰项分析】许多考生按照常理或主观臆测选定选项B，此项在原文中恰恰没有提到。原文中男士也明确表明I know how to get there，选项C是多余的。文中虽提到checkbook，是女士对男士问题的回答，而非男士的发问，故排除。
　　【原文及译文】
　　W: Hello, Parkson College. May I help you?
　　M: Yes. I’m looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fall semester.
　　W: Do you want a day or evening course?
　　M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.
　　W: Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing?
　　M: No.
　　W: Oh! Well, data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer programming.
　　M: Oh, I see. Well, when is it given? I hope it is not on Thursdays.
　　W: Well, there’s a class that meets on Monday evenings at 7.
　　M: Just once a week?
　　W: Yes. But that’s almost 3 hours from 7 to 9:45.
　　M: Oh! Well, that’s alright. I could manage that. How many weeks does the course last?
　　W: Mm, let me see. 12 weeks. You start the first week in September, and finish, oh, just before Christmas. December 21st.
　　M: And how much is the course?
　　W: That’s 300 dollars including the necessary computer time.
　　M: Ah-hum. Okay, Eh, where do I go to register?
　　W: Registration is on the second and third of September between 6 and 9 in Frost Hall.
　　M: Is that the round building behind the parking lot?
　　W: Yes, that’s the one.
　　M: Oh, I know how to get there. Is there anything that I should bring with me?
　　W: No, just your checkbook.
　　M: Well, thank you very much.
　　W: You’re very welcome. Bye!
　　M: Bye!
　　19: Why does the man choose to take an evening course?
　　20: What does the man have to do before taking the course of computer programming?
　　21: What do we learn about the schedule of the evening course?
　　22: What does the man want to know at the end of the conversation?
　　女士：你好。帕克森大学，有什么事需要帮忙吗?
　　男士：是的。我想咨询有关计算机程序设计课程的信息。我想在秋季学期上课。
　　女士：白天上课还是晚上上课?
　　男士：哦，因为我白天工作，我想晚上上课。
　　女士：嗯。你学过关于数据处理的课程吗?
　　男士：没有。
　　女士：哦! 好的，在学习计算机编程之前必须学习数据处理。
　　男士：哦，我明白了。数据处理什么时候上课? 我希望不是星期四。
　　女士：哦，有一个班在周一晚上7点。
　　男士：一周仅上一次?
　　女士：是的。从7点到9点45分，差不多3个小时。
　　男士：哦! 没关系，我可以做到。几个星期的课程?
　　女士：嗯，让我看看。12周。你从九月第一次周末开始，哦，圣诞节前夕12月21日结课。
　　男士：这门课程多少钱?
　　女士：300美元，包括必要的上机时间。
　　男士：好的，嗯，我到哪里去登记?
　　女士：在9月2号、3号6 点至 9点在弗罗斯特大厅登记。
　　男士：是停车场后面的圆形大楼吗?
　　女士：是的，就是那儿。
　　男士：哦，我知道怎么到那儿去。我必须要带什么东西吗?
　　女士：不用，只要带着支票簿即可。
　　男士：哦，太谢谢了。
　　女士：不用客气。再见!
　　男士：再见!
　　19：为什么男士选择晚间上课?
　　20：在上计算机程序设计课程之前必须要做什么?
　　21：我们能从晚间课程了解到什么信息?
　　22：在谈话最后男士想了解什么信息?
　　【词汇点拨】course n. 课程;computer programming 计算机编程;data processing 数据处理;parking lot 停车场;schedule n. 时间表
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
　　23. A) A training coach. A) 教练员。
　　B) A trading adviser. B) 商业顾问。
　　C) A professional manager. C) 职业经理。
　　D) A financial trader. D) 金融交易商。
　　【听音指导】本题为本长对话的第一题，出题点必在对话开始，由选项可知，本题涉及职业，对于职业的考查也是前几年四级考试的重点。
　　【正确项分析】男士在文中明确提及trading in financial markets，根据同义推断原理，可推断该男士的职业是financial trader.
　　24. A) He can save on living expenses. A) 他可以节省生活费用。
　　B) He considers cooking creative. B) 他认为烹饪是具有创新性的。
　　C) He can enjoy healthier food. C) 他喜欢健康食物。
　　D) He thinks take-away is tasteless. D) 他觉得外带食品不好吃。
　　【听音指导】预览选项，可知选项A与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。本题与食物或烹饪有关。所以在听音过程中，如提及cooking或food，应多加注意，适时记录。
　　【正确项分析】听音过程中听到此句I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away，即可知答案就在附近，接下来的一句To do something my brain will regard as creative中，出现了关键词creative，选项B与之相符，故选择B选项。
　　25. A) It is something inevitable. A) 是某种不可避免的事情。
　　B) It is frustrating sometimes. B) 有时候令人沮丧。
　　C) It takes patience to manage. C) 它需要耐心来管理。
　　D) It can be a good thing. D) 它可能是件好事。
　　【听音指导】本题是细节加评论题，关键要弄清楚各选项中it所指代的内容。本文出现频率最多的词是stress，可大胆推测，此题考查的是对stress的评述。本题又是此长对话的最后一题，答案应在听力对话的后两句。
　　【正确项分析】I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. 只要抓住此句中的一个关键词uncertainty，此题便可轻易而解，选项A正确。
　　【原文及译文】
　　W: So, why exactly does your job have a reputation for being stressful?
　　M: Stress is generally driven by the feeling of being out of control of a situation and the feeling of a situation controlling you. Trading in financial markets combines both.
　　W: How do you relax in the evening?
　　M: I very rarely do anything work-related so it’s easy to escape the markets. I generally go to the gym or go for a run, especially if I’ve had a bad day. I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away. To do something my brain would regard as creative.
　　W: Do you think what you do for relaxation is an effective way to beat stress?
　　M: I don’t think there is a specific rule about how to beat stress. I generally find out what I do is effective for me.
　　W: Would you consider changing your job because of the high stress factor?
　　M: I have considered leaving my job due to stress-related factors. However, I do think that an element of stress is a good thing, and if used the right way, it can actually be a positive thing.
　　W: What do you enjoy about the stressful aspects of your job?
　　M: Having said all that, I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. I enjoy a mental challenge. Trading generates a wide range of emotions second by second. How you deal with and manage those emotions dictates short, medium and long term trading performance and success.
　　23: What is the man’s job?
　　24: Why does the man prefer to cook a meal rather than have a take-away?
　　25: What does the man say about an element of stress in his job?
　　女士：那么，到底为什么你的工作以紧张出名呢?
　　男士：当人们束手无策或感觉被控制时，就会有压力感。金融市场上的交易正是这两者的结合。
　　女士：你晚上如何放松?
　　男士：我很少做与工作有关的事情，所以很容易逃脱市场。我通常去健身房或是出去跑步。尤其是在我感觉某天很糟糕的时候，更是如此。我总是做饭，而不是叫外卖。做点儿有创意的事。
　　女士：你认为你放松自己的方法对消除压力有效吗?
　　男士：消除压力没有特定的法宝。总的来说，我发现我所做的一切对我来说都是有效的。
　　女士：你是否因压力大而考虑换工作呢?
　　男士：因为压力的因素我曾考虑过离开我的工作。但是，我认为压力是一件好事。如果运用得当，压力实际上是有益的。
　　女士：你喜欢工作中的哪些压力?
　　男士：说了这么多，我的确喜欢不确定因素。我喜欢挑战。交易会在瞬间产生一系列大范围的情绪波动。你如何处理及管理这些情绪支配着中短期及长期交易业绩和成功。
　　23：男士的工作是什么?
　　24：为什么男士喜欢做饭，而不是叫外卖?
　　25：关于工作中的压力感，男士说了什么?
　　【词汇点拨】reputation n. 名声，名气;combine v. 合并;financial a. 金融的;take-away 外带食品;positive a. 积极的，有益的;uncertainty n. 不确定性

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:17:09

Section B
　　Passage One
　　篇章结构
　　本次四级听力篇章从内容难度上来讲，比2009年6月的更难。此篇文章属于天文类，讲的是除地球以外的星球上形成生命的可能性。曾经科学家们认为其他星球上存在生命的可能性不大，但是现在科学家在渐渐地定位那些有可能会形成生命的地方。文章对此举了一个例子，就是木星的一个卫星，叫木卫二。
　　词汇点拨
　　fascinated a. 着迷的;surface n. 表面;bacteria n 细菌;automatically ad. 自动地;probe n.探头，探针;evolution n. 进化
　　话题词汇
　　beneath prep. 在……之下
　　Jupiter n. 木星
　　moon n. 卫星，月球
　　nitrogen n. 氮
　　planet n. 行星，星球
　　volcanic activity 火山活动
　　难句解析
　　1. Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth.
　　【解析】since early times作时间状语，主句主语为people，谓语为be fascinated with，即“对……着迷”，着迷的对象是idea of life，existing somewhere else besides earth为现在分词作定语修饰名词life。
　　2. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat.
　　【解析】本句主句部分谓语成分为make sb. do sth.，让某人做某事，that引出think的从句。从句的主语为Europa，giving off volcanic heat作定语修饰has的宾语a rocky core。
　　试题详解
　　26. A) There were no planets without moons. A) 除了卫星外没有行星。
　　B) There was no air or water on Jupiter. B) 在木星上没有空气或水。
　　C) Life was not possible in outer space. C) 在外空是没有生命的。
　　D)The mystery of life could not be resolved D) 生命的奥秘是不能解决的。
　　【听音指导】预览选项，可知本题考查细节事实题。鉴于此题位于本短文的第一题，答案应在最初几句中找到，具体的说，是在开头30秒。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时关注no planets，no air or water还是no life。
　　【正确项分析】第一题问的是科学家曾经(once)相信什么事实?那么根据我们的理解，应该是他们认为外太空不可能存在生命。这个答案出现在原文的第二句，原文是Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream，意为科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。故选择C项。
　　27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. A) 有很多活火山。
　　B) It has an atmosphere like the earth’s. B) 有像地球上的大气层。
　　C) It has a large ocean under its surface. C) 在它的表面有一个大海洋。
　　D) It has deep caves several miles long. D) 有几英里长的深洞穴。
　　【听音指导】通过选项即可确定本题为对于某一事物的细节描述题，所以首先要解决各选项中it所指的内容。由第一题选项可初步推测，本题很可能考查的是对一个星球的描述。
　　【正确项分析】问题为科学家在木卫二星球上找到什么，那么应该是Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface，意为航空观测镜发现了星球表面下有个大的海洋。C选项与原文一模一样。
　　28. A) Light is not an essential element to it. A) 光不是必备因素。
　　B) Life can form in very hot temperatures. B) 生命在很热的温度下能够形成。
　　C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. C) 每种生命的形成都需要进化。
　　D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms. D) 氧在生命形成过程中没有必要。
　　【听音指导】根据惯例，最后一个问题答案出现在篇章结束前三十秒左右，选项均涉及生命形成因素，分别为light，hot temperatures，evolution和oxygen，根据这些信息，可轻易在短文结束前找到答案。
　　【正确项分析】注意转折连词but前后，原文为Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there。意为科学家一直以为光是很重要的，但是现在他们发现完全黑暗的地方—比如几英里深的洞里，也有生命，即细菌。可见，光不是必备因素，选项A正确。
　　原文及译文
　　Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One planet scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have also made the scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. They may have already created life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life forming.
　　26. What did scientists once believe according to the passage?
　　27. What have scientists found about Europa, a moon of Jupiter?
　　28. What have scientists come to know recently about the formation of life?
　　从很早以前，人们一直迷恋着地球以外的地方也存在生命的想法。直到近来，科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。但是，现在他们开始查找可能有生命的地方。1997年，科学家们在恒星附近，例如太阳，发现了行星的踪迹。科学家们现在认为生命可能我们更近，就在太阳系内。科学家们正密切关注的地方是木卫二，木星的一个卫星。太空探测器提供了证据表明木卫二表层之下有一个海洋。探测器也让科学家们认为木卫二表层有散发出火山热的岩石核心。火山活动的水和热量是生命形成的两个基本条件。第三个是一些基本的化学物质，如碳、氧和氮。科学家们认为在木卫二海洋底部可能存在这样的化学成分。他们可能已经创造了生命或即将产生生命。你可能在想光也是生命形成的必要条件。直到最近，科学家们仍认为光是不可或缺的。但现在已经在地球上发现，海洋几英里之下的黑暗的洞穴内有细菌，即原始生命形式的存在。所以不能排除缺乏光的木卫二地下海洋有生命形成的可能性。
　　26. 根据短文，科学家曾相信什么?
　　27. 科学家们发现关于木卫二的什么信息?
　　28. 最近，科学家就生命的形成了解到什么?

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:17:10

Passage Two
　　篇章结构
　　本篇讲述医生发现用纸记录下的东西比口语交流的信息更加准确和稳定。问题源自一位医生在对一个孩子的家庭口述交待了出院后的注意事项之后，发现这些亲属们竟然记不清到底医生讲了些什么，于是医生决定在以后交待注意事项的时候要把这些内容全印成纸质的东西，因为纸质的东西比口语更可靠。
　　词汇点拨
　　suffer v. 遭受;confusing a. 令人迷惑的;episode n. 插曲;version n. 版本;challenge v. 挑战
　　话题词汇
　　context n. 上下文
　　physician n. 内科医生
　　recover v. 恢复
　　stability n. 稳定性
　　act out 表演出来
　　emergency room 急诊室
　　oral communication 口头交际
　　tailored to 定制的
　　难句解析
　　1. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members.
　　【解析】此句为倒装句，强调listening to her，主语为a half a dozen other family members。正常语序为：A half a dozen other family members were also listening to her.
　　2. All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions.
　　【解析】本句两分句由连词but连接，had heard为过去完成时，表示在家人问玛雅医生之前就发生了此动作。I have given just a few hours before做定语修饰the simple instructions，省略连接词that。
试题详解
　　29. A) Whether they should take the child home. A) 他们是否应该将孩子带回家。
　　B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were. B) 玛雅医生的医嘱到底是什么。
　　C) Who should take care of the child at home. C) 谁在家照顾孩子。
　　D) When the child would completely recover. D) 什么时候这个孩子能完全恢复。
　　【听音指导】浏览四个选项，应注意到都为wh-开头的疑问词，且提到了医生和孩子，take care of 以及recover，可初步推测此题涉及的场景为医院，病人为孩子。
　　【正确项分析】问题为孩子的家人因为什么而争论，原文为the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given，意为亲属们就医生到底讲过什么建议争论不休，问医生如何解决。选项B中的instructions与原文的advice同义，选项B正确。
　　30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt. A) 她鼓励他们拿不准时就提问题。
　　B) She makes them write down all her instructions. B) 她让他们记下她的医嘱。
　　C) She has them act out what they are to do at home. C) 她让他们把将在家里做的事情表演出来。
　　D) She asks them to repeat what are supposed to do. D) 她让他们复述要做的事。
　　【听音指导】由第一题的选项可很有把握地推测she指代的是Doctor Myer，而与医生相对的多半为病人。注意关键词ask question，write down，act out和repeat。
　　【正确项分析】玛雅医生如何确定病人完全明白了自己的建议呢?原文为She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do，原文的 tell her与选项D中的关键词repeat一致，选项D为正确答案，
　　31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. A) 它缺乏印刷体的稳定性。
　　B) It contains many grammatical errors. B) 它包含许多语法错误。
　　C) It is heavily dependent on the context. C) 它十分依赖上下文语境。
　　D) It facilitates interpersonal communication. D) 它有助于人际交往。
　　【听音指导】本题为短文最后一题，应在文章最后出现。需要注意关键字stability，errors，context和communication。
　　【正确项分析】此题是典型的篇章问题考法。答案出现在结尾处，问题是作者对于人类口语交流 (human speech) 总结了什么。原文为human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word，与选项A一致。
　　原文及译文
　　In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Mayer treated a child who had suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for discharge, Doctor Mayer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members. A few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given. “As I talked to them, I was amazed.” she said, “All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were intelligent people.” This episode gave Doctor Mayer her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or later---- most people just don’t listen very well.
　　Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients’ situation. Doc. Mayer’s listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with a challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.
　　29. What did the child’s family members argue about in the hospital?
　　30. What does Doc. Mayer do to insure her patients understand her instructions?
　　31. What does the speaker say about human speech?
　　乔安娜•玛雅是一名急诊室医生。早年，她曾医治了一名二度烧伤的孩子。这个孩子接受完治疗准备出院时，玛雅医生告诉孩子父母在家如何照顾孩子，在场的还有六位家庭其他成员。几小时后，当她来与孩子再见的时候，孩子一家请她解决争论，他们一直争论她的医嘱到底是什么。“因为我已经告诉过他们，所以我很惊讶。”她说，“他们所有的人都在短短几小时前听到了我给出的简单的医嘱，但是他们有三、四个不同的版本。最基本的细节都不清楚且很困惑。我很吃惊，因为这些是聪明人。”这一段插曲给了玛雅医生第一个线索，而这迟早每个医生都会懂得，即大多数人听的不准确。
　　如今，玛雅说她反复重复医嘱，甚至对一些病人进行现场核查。她要他们告诉她他们应该做的事。她还根据病人的情况提供可带回家的打印文本。玛雅医生的听众都是正常人。当面对新资料或难度较大的资料时，几乎所有的听众都会面临挑战，因为人类口语缺乏书面文字的稳定性和永久性。口头交流速度快但持续时间短。
　　29. 孩子的家庭成员在医院里争论的是什么?
　　30. 为确保病人明白她的医嘱，玛雅医生做了什么?
　　31. 说话者如何评述人类口语?

		自动登录	找回密码
密码			立即注册

[四级真题] 2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题与答案