2011年12月英语四级模拟试卷及答案分析(5)

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:52:33

　　Part I Writing (30 minutes)
　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
　　1. 在大企业工作的特点
　　2. 在小企业工作的特点
　　3. 我的选择
　　To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond?
　　Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15minutes)
　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark
　　Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
　　N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
　　NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
　　For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
　　To Save Trees, Fighting One Alien Insect with Others
　　Rusty rhea sighs wistfully as he talks about the beauty and peace of standing amid a grove (小树林) of deep green hemlocks in Appalachia, some of them up to 160 feet (50 meters) tall and more than 500 years old.
　　"This is a very special tree," said Rhea, an entomologist for the U.S. Forest Service's Forest Health Protection program in Asheville, North Carolina, "I was brought up here, and I don't want to see another species go by the wayside."
　　The evergreen trees, a hallmark of southern Appalachia's national parks, are under attack by an invasive inse4ct barely visible to the eye but potent enough to fell the giants of the eastern United States' old-growth forests.
　　Already the tiny bug from Japan, known as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), has killed upward of 95 percent of the hemlocks in Virginia's Shenandoah National Park. Now they are making their way through the half-million-plus-acre (200,000-plus-hectare) Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee.
　　The hemlocks shade streams, keeping water temperatures just right for brook trout (鲑鱼) and other fish. They also house birds such as the black-throated green warbler, solitary vireo, and northern goshawk, all three of which mainly shelter in stands of hemlock trees.
　　Because of the insect's broad impact on the entire ecosystem of southern Appalachia, HWA stands to cause wider damage than the American chestnut blight (枯萎病)of the early 1900s. That fungus from Europe killed off the once dominant chestnut trees from the northeast United States to the southern Appalachian Mountains.
　　In addition, a species related to HWA, the balsam woolly adelgid, has already killed about 90 percent of the mature Fraser fir trees in the Smokies.
　　Acting Quickly
　　HWA arrived in the U.S. Pacific Northwest via nursery plants from Japan in 1924. By 1951 the tiny invader had been found in Virginia. Since then the insect has spread to more than 15 U.S. states.
　　The key to killing the HWA is to catch it early and act quickly. It's already well established in the Great Smoky Mountains, where Rhea and others are trying to stem the spread of the bugs.
　　HWA multiply quickly: All of the insects are females that reproduce asexually (无性地), laying several hundred eggs a year. When they get to the nymph, or crawler, stage, they are dormant from about June until October, after which they emerge and establish themselves on trees.
　　Winds and birds and other animals spread the crawlers through the forest.
　　HWA crawlers feed on the new growth of hemlocks by piercing the twigs that hold the branches, sucking the sap, and injecting toxic saliva. The needles turn from a deep green to a grayish green and eventually die, depriving the tree of nutrition from photosynthesis.
　　An infected tree usually dies within five years of initial attack. Infection is signaled by either a white, cottonlike material that appears along a tree's twigs or by the "baldness" of a tree's upper branches. http://www.hxen.com
　　Plans of Attack
　　In the Pacific Northwest the hemlocks seem to be tolerant of the creatures' feeding, and in the cold northeast, winters seem to keep them at bay. But in the warm southeast, with weather approximating that of the insects' native Asian homes, they thrive.
　　Chemical sprays-such as insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils as well as trunk or soil injections-have helped to kill some of the HWA infestations.
　　But spraying must be repeated every six months, and injections are expensive and last only two years at most. These methods can't be used conveniently or safely in remote areas or near the streams where hemlocks grow thickly.
　　Long term, the best way to control the pests appears to be releasing other insects that feed exclusively on HWA. Scientists have studied HWA in Japan and China and identified three such species. One of them, the Sasajiscymnus tsugae (St) beetle, was released in areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 2002.
　　Studying what controls a species in its native habitat-including climate, predators, and host resistance-provided clues about which insects to use against HWA, said Kristine Johnson. Based in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, Johnson is a supervisory forester for Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
　　"Biological control is the only long-term hope to save the trees in the backcountry (穷乡僻壤)," she said. "We have 800 square miles (2,100 square kilometers) of contiguous wilderness. We value the native forest, and it's entirely worth defending."

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:52:34

　　Risky Business
　　Releasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could be risky business, potentially creating another type of infestation. But scientists first quarantined and studied the HWA-killer insects.
　　They believe the St beetles are the best answer to the HWA problem and that they won't cause side damage. This tiny black female beetle, the size of a poppy seed, is already spreading in the Great Smoky Mountains.
　　But the beetle and other HWA-killer insects are seasonal, so it will take several different ones operating year-round to keep HWA in check, Rhea said. He doesn't believe HWA will be completely eradicated (根除) but will instead be kept in balance by the predator insects. "We're trying to insert a balance in a system that's out of balance," he said.
　　Each St beetle can lay 200 to 300 eggs, said Ernest Bernard, professor of entomology at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville.
　　Bernard's laboratory is one of several that are breeding the beetles.
　　"Each beetle eats hundreds of baby adelgids a year," he said. And about 120,000 of the beetles have been released in the past couple years in the Smokies, but it is still too early to measure their impact.
　　One good sign, Bernard said, is that some beetle larvae (幼虫) have been found in areas where they were not released, indicating that the HWA killers may be reproducing and spreading.
　　1. The passage gives a general description of an invasive insect, HWA.
　　2. Hemlock is a hallmark of southern Appalachia's national parks.
　　3. The invasive insect, known as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), is from Japan.
　　4. The key to killing the HWA is to catch it early and act quickly.
　　5. An infected tree usually dies immediately.
　　6. The Hemlock in the U.S. will be saved from HWA soon.
　　7. The long term, best way to control the pests HWA is spraying.
　　8. Since 1951 the HWA has spread to more than________.
　　9. Releasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could create________.
　　10. It will take several different insects operating year-round to________.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:52:35

　　Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
　　Section A
　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
　　11. [A] 1016.
　　[B] 1060.
　　[C] 508.
　　[D] 580.
　　12. [A] Father and daughter.
　　[B] Uncle and niece.
　　[C] Aunt and nephew.
　　[D] Cousins.
　　13. [A] She wasn't invited.
　　[B] She wasn't ready to come.
　　[C] She altered her decision.
　　[D] She forgot the invitation.
　　14. [A] The door needs repairing.
　　[B] He had lost all his keys.
　　[C] He couldn't open the door.
　　[D] He wanted the woman to help him.
　　15. [A] She's rather happy to hear so.
　　[B] She's disappointed to hear so.
　　[C] She's unhappy to hear so.
　　[D] She's surprised to hear so.
　　16. [A] He thought it was a good car.
　　[B] He thought it was too noisy.
　　[C] He thought there was something wrong with the car.
　　[D] H didn't like it.
　　17. [A] In a car.
　　[B] In a train.
　　[C] In a ship.
　　[D] In a plane.
　　18. [A] She'll go to the concert.
　　[B] She'll have a meeting.
　　[C] She'll watch her neighbor's children.
　　[D] She'll visit her neighbor.
　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
　　19. [A] The early history of bookbinding.
　　[B] How old books become valuable.
　　[C] Economical ways to protect old books.
　　[D] Why some books decay.
　　20. [A] They are often handled improperly by readers.
　　[B] The paper is destroyed by chemicals.
　　[C] The ink used in printing damages the paper.
　　[D] The glue used in the binding loses its strength.
　　21. [A] They are difficult to read.
　　[B] They are slowly falling apart.
　　[C] They were not made from wood pulp.
　　[D] They should be stored in a cold place.
　　22. [A] Get some books for the man to look at.
　　[B] Ask the man to look over her notes.
　　[C] Continue her research in the library.
　　[D] Find more information on how books are preserved.
　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
　　23. [A] Which major the woman will be choosing.
　　[B] An anthropology course the woman is taking.
　　[C] How to find a job in publishing.
　　[D] Which anthropology professors the man recommends.
　　24. [A] It is not as difficult as she had thought it would be.
　　[B] She would like her professor to explain it more clearly.
　　[C] She took a class on it last semester.
　　[D] Her professor will write a book on it soon.
　　25. [A] Her professor.
　　[B] A classmate.
　　[C] Her former boss.
　　[D] A foreign diplomat.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:52:36

　　Section B
　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the and of each passage, you will hear some questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
　　Passage One
　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　26. [A] Because nobody knew his address.
　　[B] Because nobody knew his age.
　　[C] Because Penury's private life was a secret.
　　[D] Because Penury was still a bachelor at the age of forty-five.
　　27. [A] He did not spend money freely.
　　[B] He was always well-dressed.
　　[C] He had a luxurious car.
　　[D] He worked hard for a living.
　　28. [A] A photographer.
　　[B] A burglar.
　　[C] A reporter.
　　[D] A professor.
　　Passage Two
　　Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　29. [A] In 1809.
　　[B] In 1863.
　　[C] In 1865.
　　[D] In 1860.
　　30. [A] Four years.
　　[B] Five years.
　　[C] Three years.
　　[D] Six years.
　　31. [A] A soldier.
　　[B] A thief.
　　[C] A government officer.
　　[D] An actor.
　　32. [A] Because they didn't like Lincoln being their President.
　　[B] Because they wanted to set up their own government.
　　[C] Because they disagreed with Lincoln on the abolishment of slavery.
　　[D] Because they wanted to stage a war against Lincoln's government.
　　Passage Three
　　Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　33. [A] 10 points.
　　[B] 2 points.
　　[C] 15 points.
　　[D] 5 points.
　　34. [A] They will take one of the six major tests.
　　[B] They will have to write a composition.
　　[C] They will be given a pop test.
　　[D] They will be required to read a short story in class.
　　35. [A] An essay.
　　[B] A magazine article.
　　[C] A poem.
　　[D] A short story.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:52:37

　　Section C
　　Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
　　Scientists have developed a new cancer drug. So far, they have tested it only on (36) ________ animals. The drug is designed to (37) ________ and kill cancer cells but not healthy cells.
　　First, the drug enters the cancer and destroys the supply of blood. Then it releases (38) ________ to destroy the cancer cells.
　　Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge carried out the study. The (39) ________ appeared in Nature (40) ________. A school news release called the drug an "anti-cancer smart bomb."
　　Ram Sasisekharan is a professor at M.I.T. He says his team had to (41) ________ three problems. They had to find a way to destroy the blood vessels, then to (42) ________ the growth of new ones. But they also needed the blood vessels to supply chemicals to destroy the cancer.
　　So, the researchers designed a two-part "nanocell". The cell is (43) ________ in nanometers, or one thousand millionth of a meter. (44) ________________________.
　　The scientists say it was small enough to pass through the blood vessels of the cancer, but it was too big to enter normal blood vessels. The surface of the nanocells also helped them to avoid natural defenses.
　　(45) ________________________. That cut off the blood supply and trapped the nanocell inside the cancer. Then, the nanocell slowly released chemotherapy drugs to kill the cancer cells.
　　(46) ________________________.

　　Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
　　Section A
　　Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.
　　Many of the most damaging and life threatening types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Such event as a tornado struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.
　　Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtly atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.
　　Until recently, the observation intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or "Nowcasts", was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were hard to overcome. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists (气象学者) and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.
　　47. It can be inferred from the passage that the value of damages from torrential rains, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes is ________________________.
　　48. Why do conventional models of the atmosphere fail to predict such a short-lived tornado?
　　___________________________________________________________________________.
　　49. It can be inferred from the passage that conventional forecasting models are now mostly used for ________________________.
　　50. What does "Nowcasts" mean according to the passage?
　　___________________________________________________________________________.
　　51. According to the passage, what makes "Nowcasting" a reality?
　　___________________________________________________________________________.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:52:38

　　Section B
　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
　　Passage One
　　Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
　　What makes Americans spend nearly half their food dollars on meals away from home? The answers lie in the way Americans live today. During the first few decades of the twentieth century, canned and other convenience foods freed the family cook from full-time duty at the kitchen range.
　　Then, in the 1940s, work in the wartime defense plants took more women out of the home that ever before, setting the pattern of the working wife and mother. Unless family members pitch in with food preparation, women are not fully liberated from that chore.
　　It's easier to pick up a bucket of fried chicken on the way home from work or take the family out for pizzas or burgers than to start opening cans or heating up frozen dinners after a long, hard day. Also nowadays, the rising divorce rate means that there are more single working parents with children to feed. And many young adults and elderly people, as well as unmarried and divorced mature people, live alone rather than as a part of a family unit and don't want to bother cooking for one. Fast food is appealing because it is fast, it doesn't require any dressing up, it offers a "fun" break in the daily routine, and the outlay of money seems small. It can be eaten in the car-sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out-or on the run. Even if it is brought home to eat, there will never be any dirty dishes to wash because of the handy disposable wrappings. Children, especially, love fast food because it's finger food, no struggling with knives and forks, no annoying instructions from adults about table manners.
　　52. Americans enjoy fast food mainly because ________.
　　[A] it can be eaten in the car
　　[B] it is much more tasty than home-made food
　　[C] one only uses his fingers while eating it
　　[D] it is time-saving and convenient
　　53. It can be inferred that children ________.
　　[A] want to have freedom at table
　　[B] wash dishes after each meal
　　[C] are not good at using forks and knives while eating
　　[D] take eating time as a fun break
　　54. Many Americans are eating out and not cooking at home nowadays because ________.
　　[A] they want to make a change after eating the same food for years at home
　　[B] the food made outside home tastes better than food cooked at home
　　[C] many of them live alone or don't like taking trouble to cook
　　[D] American women refuse to cook at home due to women's liberation movement
　　55. According to the text, a drive-in window is a ________.
　　[A] car window from which you can see the driver
　　[B] window in the restaurant from which you get your meal in the car
　　[C] place where you check the mechanic condition of your car
　　[D] entrance where you return the used plates after eating
　　56. The expression "pitch in with" (Line 2, Para. 2) probably means________.
　　[A] complain
　　[B] enjoy
　　[C] help
　　[D] deny
　　Passage Two
　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
　　InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration in countering the threat of cyber crime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states, Calloway said. With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry, the academic community and public agencies. Bands, utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share information about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system free. A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.
　　A "sanitized" description of a hacking attempt or other incident-one that doesn't reveal the name or information about the victim-can be shared with the other members to spot trends. Then a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to interfere if there are grounds for an investigation. Cyber crime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial commerce and technology like Charlotte. "Ten years ago, all you needed to protect yourself was a safe, a fence and security officers," said Chris Swecker, who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office. "Now any business with a modem is subject to attack." FBI agents investigate computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including Amazon. com, CNN and Yahoo!
　　several North Carolina victims have been identified this year. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks. Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of companies to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile, too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles, who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board, said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cyber crime goes undetected. Wiles, a computer security expert, has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files. "I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer," he said, "the Net is a wonderful place, but it's also a dangerous one."
　　57. From the first paragraph, we know ________.
　　[A] InfraGard is a protective measure against cyber crime
　　[B] InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration
　　[C] there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states
　　[D] private business and the government are now committing cyber crime
　　58. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT ________.
　　[A] academic communities
　　[B] public agencies
　　[C] FBI
　　[D] private industry
　　59. By saying "too many corporations...speed and accessibility" (Lines 3～4, Para. 3), the author means ________.
　　[A] too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers
　　[B] criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility
　　[C] it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility
　　[D] many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security
　　60. All the following are reasons for the rise in cyber crime EXCEPT ________.
　　[A] victims won't report intrusions by hackers
　　[B] victims have no firewalls
　　[C] the use of modem is increasing
　　[D] companies don't pay enough attention to security
　　61. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
　　[A] not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation
　　[B] information of the victims is inaccessible
　　[C] InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September
　　[D] Amazon.com was often disrupted by hacking

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:52:39

　　Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
　　Every year more than half a million American kids have drainage (排泄) tubes surgically implanted in their ears to combat persistent infections. The procedure, know as tympanostomy, may not be as 62 as the tonsillectomy was in the 1940s, but it now 63 as the nation's leading childhood 64 and a new study suggests it's being vastly overused. In 65 more than 6,000 scheduled ear tube operations, a team of experts 66 by Harvard pediatrician Lawrence Kleinman found that fewer than half were clearly justified. "Each year", the researchers write in the current Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), "several hundred thousand children in the United States may be 67 tympanostomy tubes that offer them no demonstrated 68 ...and may place them at increased 69 ."
　　Tube placement isn't a 70 risky procedure, but it costs $1,000 to $1,500 and sometimes scars the eardrum, causing a partial loss of 71 . Studies show that the benefits are most likely to 72 the risks if a child's middle ear has produced sticky fluid 73 more than four months despite treatment 74 antibiotics. For less virulent infections, drug treatment is usually a(n) 75 , safer alternative (though drugs, too, can be overused). In the new JAMA study, Kleinman's team reviewed the medical charts of 6,429 kids, all under 16, 76 doctors had recommended the procedure. Even making "generous assumptions" about the likely 77 , the researchers found that a quarter of the proposed operations were 78 , since less invasive alternatives were available, 79 another third were as likely to harm the recipients as help them.
　　Parents needn't 80 about ear tubes that are already in place. Once 81 implanted, the tiny devices provide drainage for six months to a year, then come out by reducing health costs by hundreds of millions of dollars every year.
　　62. [A] rare [B] common [C] general [D] abnormal
　　63. [A] considers [B] alternates [C] ranges [D] ranks
　　64. [A] operation [B] disease [C] condition [D] injection
　　65. [A] finding [B] reviewing [C] amending [D] performing
　　66. [A] controlled [B] conducted [C] legitimated [D] led
　　67. [A] receiving [B] accepting [C] undertaking [D] initiating
　　68. [A] disadvantage [B] agreement [C] advantage [D] shortcoming
　　69. [A] bottom [B] risk [C] edge [D] extent
　　70. [A]subtly [B] hopefully [C] merely [D] terribly
　　71. [A] feeling [B] hearing [C] health [D] memory
　　72. [A] outfit [B] outflow [C] outweigh [D] outgrow
　　73. [A] for [B] on [C] in [D] to
　　74. [A] by [B] upon [C] with [D] along
　　75. [A] expensive [B] faster [C] further [D] cheaper
　　76. [A] which [B] whose [C] that [D] who
　　77. [A] risks [B] dangers [C] chances [D] benefits
　　78. [A] inappropriate [B] favorable [C] preferable [D] inadequate
　　79. [A] where [B] when [C] whether [D] while
　　80. [A] outrage [B] panic [C] complain [D] protest
　　81. [A] lively [B] quickly [C] successfully [D] formally
　　Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
　　Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
　　82. When the train came, ________________________ (人们立即涌进站台).
　　83. To open a file and show the information, ________________________(你需要双击文件名).
　　84. After fifteen years' working for the company, ________________________(他被任命为主管).
　　85. She works in administration, ________________________(她一天中的绝大多数时间都花在文书工作和维护记录上).
　　86. Every executive is resp onsible for the success of the company
　　________________________(无论做什么工作).

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:52:40

　　答案详解
　　Part I Writing
　　To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond?
　　There are distinct differences between being a small fish in a big pond and a big fish in a small pond, so it is with working as a subordinate in a large enterprise and presiding in a small firm.
　　With the former, you can derive a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organization such as General Motors, or the Bell. You have the opportunities of learning from experienced executives and knowing about the standard working process.
　　With the latter, you have greater responsibilities and your decision may bring immediate effect. Normally you are exposed to various experiences and expected to do a great many things without much help or guidance, which will indeed improve your abilities.
　　Personally I prefer to work in a small firm, where I have great prospect of promotion as long as I work hard. And I'm sure I'll become an important figure within my small pond.
　　Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
　　1. N 结合标题To Save Trees, Fighting One Alien Insect with Others迅速扫读全文可知，文章主要不是描写HWA这种虫害本身，而是如何防治这种虫害，故题干表述不正确。
　　2. Y 根据题干中的信息词hallmark和Appalachia's national parks定位原文，第三段明确指出The evergreen trees, a hallmark of southern Appalachia's national parks...，可知题干表述正确。
　　3. Y 根据题干中的信息词HWA定位原文，第四段有Already the tiny bug from Japan, known as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA)...，可知题干表述正确。
　　4. Y 题干中有acting quickly, 与一小标题同，估计答案在其下段落下。定位到第二段，发现题干是文中原句，故题干表述正确。
　　5. N 根据题干中的信息词An infected tree定位原文，在Acting Quickly下的倒数第二段段末有An infected tree usually dies within five years of initial attack，可知题干表述错误。
　　6. NG 文章后半部分讲到为了控制HWA，美国已在受灾部分地区投放HWA的天敌St bettles，但是在文章倒数第二段末尾指出这种方法是否有效还无法判断(too early to measure their impact)，故本题表述正确与否末可知。
　　7. N 在对抗HWA的方法中，文章着重介绍了引入其天敌来达到生态平衡的方法，且在Plans of Attack下的第四段段首有明确说明，故题干表述错误。
　　8. 15 U.S. states。根据题干中的信息词1951定位原文，在Acting Quickly下第一段可找到答案。
　　9. another type of infestation。读完原文，发现Risky Business下讲了用St bettles来控制HWA这种方法可能带来的风险，而题干正是谈的这种方法，定位Risky Business下的段落，首段即可找到答案。
　　10. keep HWA in check。最后一题多出现在文章末尾，根据题干中的信息词year-round定位Risky Busines下的段落，在第三段第一句可以找到答案。
　　Part III Listening Comprehension

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:52:41

　　Section A
　　11. C 综合推断题。女士说有1016学生参加考试，但一半没有通过，由此推断，通过考试的学生人数是508人，所以C正确。这里要注意辨别数字1016(one thousand sixteen)，而不是1060(one thousand sixty)。
　　12. D 综合推断题。女士要找玛丽姑姑，男士回答说他妈妈不在，由此推断，两人应该是表亲，所以D正确。
　　13. C 信息明示题。女士说苏珊原本要来，但又改变主意了，所以C(她改变了决定)正确。
　　14. C 信息明示题。女士问男士为什么站在外面不进去，男士回答说他试了所有的钥匙，就是找不开门，由此可知，C正确。本题的关键是弄清it指代的是the door。
　　15. A 综合推断题。男士说女士看上去不到30岁，女士回答说：“真的吗?事实上我已经35岁了。”由此推断，35岁的女士在听到别人说她看起来不到30时，肯定会很高兴，所以A正确。
　　16. A 信息明示题.本题问的是女士的父亲对新车的态度,而女士前面所说的都是她姐姐(或妹妹对新车的看法，所以本题的关键是女士的最后一句话：“我父亲认为这是一辆好车。”故选A。
　　17. D 综合推断题。女士说：“系好安全带，我们马上就要起飞了。”男士问：“你能告诉我怎么系吗?”由关键词take off(起飞)可知，对话发生在飞机上，所以D正确。
　　18. C 信息明示题。女士说：“邻居今晚要开会，我答应了要帮他们照看孩子。”由此可知，女士今晚要为邻居看孩子，所以C正确。baby-sit意为“担任临时保姆，照顾婴儿”。
　　Conversation One
　　19. D 综合推断题。结合听力材料，特别是对话开头提到的old book...a lot of pages are turning brown and becoming brittle 可以推断，对话谈论的是书的腐烂问题，所以D正确。
　　20. B 综合推断题。女士认为用木材制纸时要往里面加一些化学制品和酸性物质以让纸变白，而男士说最终腐蚀纸张的就是这些酸性物质，由常识可推断出这类酸性物质也应是化学制品，即男士认为书籍的腐烂是由化学制品造成的，故选B。
　　21. C 信息明示题。男士说books have been made from wood pulp only since the 1850s，即19世纪50年代以前的书不是由木浆做成，所以C正确。
　　22. C 同义替换题。女士最后说的get back to my project 与选项中continue her research同义，所以C正确。
　　Conversation Two
　　23. B 综合推断题。女士说自己正在上男士曾上过的格雷教授的人类学课程，两人接着谈论了各自对该课程的看法，还提到了女士为该课程要采访的对象，由此推断，对话主要是关于女士正在上的一门人类学课程的，故选B。
　　24. A 综合推断题。女士说一开始“人种学”这个词使她感到有些恐惧，因为那似乎非常专业，但当教授解释人类学家都做些什么时，她就不觉得那很吓人了，由此推断，人种学这一学科没有她想像的那么难，故选A。
　　25. C 信息明示题。男士问女士要采访谁，女士回答说她要先采访自己以前的老板——位出版社的女主管，故选C。
　　Section B
　　Passage One
　　26. C 信息明示题。文章第一段指出，he had a way of keeping his private life to himself in all but the unessential details, 由此可知，作者之所以认为Penury是个神秘的人是因为所有人都不了解Penury的私生活，故选C。
　　27. A 信息明示题。文章第一段指出，he was not especially well dressed and he did not even have a car. 排除B、C，并可以推断出，Penury 是一个不随便花钱的人。该段还指出，It seemed that he did not have to work for a living as we did, 排除D。
　　28. B 信息明示题。文章最后指出，he was the most accomplished burglar, 由此可知Penury是个夜贼，所以B正确。
　　Passage Two
　　29. D 信息明示题。文章第三段指出，In 1860, Lincoln was elected President of the United State. 由此可知D正确。
　　30. A 信息明示题。文章第三段指出，Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865, 由此可知美国内战持续了四年，故选A。
　　31. D 信息明示题。文章第五段指出，Lincoln was shot by an actor named John Wilkes Booth. 由此可知，林肯是被一名演员刺杀的，所以D正确。
　　32. C 综合推断题。文章第三段指出，This party opposed the creation of new slave states. 由此可以推断，南部各州之所以要退出联盟是因为林肯所在的共和党反对奴隶制，所以C正确。

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 09:52:42

　　Passage Three
　　36. laboratory 37. invade 38. poison 39. results
　　40. magazine 41. sole 42. prevent 43. measured
　　44. The particle used was two hundred nanometers—much, much smaller than a human hair.
　　45. The scientists designed the cell as a balloon inside a balloon. They loaded the outer part with a drug that caused the blood vessels to fall in on themselves.
　　46. The team says the treatment shrank the cancer and avoided health cells better than other treatments.
　　Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
　　Section A
　　47. very high
　　题目问飓风等自然灾害带来的损失情况如何。根据题干中的torrential rains, severe thunderstorms和tornadoes 可以定位到文章第一段，最后一句指出损失的总值是exceeded $250 million, 可见损失非常大，故得答案very high.
　　48. Because the available data are not detailed enough.
　　题目问传统的天气预报为何不能有效预报短期内天气的变化。由题干中的关键词conventional models of atmosphere 可以定位到第二段的开头，第一句话的后半句because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough直接给出了答案。
　　49. predicting general weather conditions over large regions
　　题目问传统的天气预报现在的主要用途。由题干中的关键词conventional models 定位到第二段。最后一句指出conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than..., 即：传统的方式现在主要是用来预测大范围内的总体天气情况。
　　50. Accurate, short-range forecasts.
　　题干明确定位了本题的答案(第三段)，第一句话就给出了解释：accurate, very short-range forecasts.
　　51. Computer programs and video equipment.
　　题目问什么使得Nowcasting 变成了现实。可以定位到文章的最后一句...using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality, 可见是these new technologies 使得Nowcasting成为现实，而these new technologies指代的就是上句话中的computer programs and video equipment.
　　Section B
　　Passage One
　　52. D 细节题。由文章第三段第四句提到的fast food is appealing because it is fast, it doesn't require any dressing up...可知，D正确。
　　53.C 推断题。文章第三段最后一句提到no struggling with knives and forks，由struggling一词可推断，孩子们不擅长使用刀叉吃饭，所以C正确。
　　54. C 推断题。文章第三段提到，现在很多人都独自居住，他们不愿意为自己一个人烹制食物，所以C正确。由于题目问的是nowadays的情况，所以可排除强干扰项D。
　　55. B 推断题。文章第三段倒数第三句提到sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out, 由句中的without even getting out 可以推断，drive-in window 是免下窗口，即司机可以不用下车就能拿到食物，所以B正确。
　　56. 语义题。文章第二段第二句意为“只要家庭成员不准备食物，妇女们就无法完全从家务杂事中解放出来。”由此推断，pitch in with应意为“帮助”，故选C。
　　Passage Two
　　58. C 细节题。由文章第一段第三句With advice from the FBI可知，FBI只是充当顾问，并无经营权，故选C。
　　59. D 语义题。被考查句原意为“很多公司为了保证网强的速度和可接入性而不顾及网络安全，这让网络犯罪变得非常容易。”言外之意是很多公司更重视网络速度和可接入性，从而遭到了电脑黑客的攻击，所以D正确。
　　60. B 推断题。虽然文章提到了firewall(防火墙)，但并没有说公司不使用防火墙是网络犯罪率升高的原因，故选B。而文章第三段第三句(A项)，第二段倒数第二句(C项)和第三段第四句(D项)则分别说明了网络犯罪率上升的原因。
　　61. A 推断题。文章第二段第二句指出，黑客攻击的详情会被送到FBI的电脑犯罪科，以确定是否需要对其深究，由此推断，并不是所有的黑客攻击都值得调查，所以A正确。

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[四级模拟] 2011年12月英语四级模拟试卷及答案分析(5)