完形填空——核心考点之语境词汇7 v: A; Y% W: W3 q$ b e! q
1. 语境把握
# I8 O/ h9 j+ N5 v3 ?语境线索是指上下文明示或暗示的信息、逻辑关系及语义关系。做这类题重要的是在选 择答案前认真通读上下文,不能只关注选择空项所在的句子。对以下三种语境的把握有助于选出正确答案。) M6 t" Z& ^3 p C* [ d9 U
(1)答案在选择空项上文之中。因此,做 这类题时,要“瞻前”。( r! c) `2 ?: p3 [$ C' y
【真题】An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75,000 lives, 67 130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. (2007.6)
2 M: d# S7 J8 D! k) K7 ^9 r67. A injured B ruined C destroyed D damaged
" K: @ g; L! o6 G. b2 W【分析】根据题意,空格前为死亡人数,It took some 75, 000 lives的意思是“地震造成了七万五千人死亡”;空格后为失业和无家可归的人数,因此根据文章的语境,空格处应是“受伤”一词,所以injured为正 确答案。
5 t. g/ x9 C! H(2)答案在选择空项下文之中。因此,做这类题时,要“顾后”。
8 c2 g+ B; u) G6 J K+ M* h【真题】But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the 72 that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to come. (2006.6)2 K5 A( u) y$ A/ ]! R
72. A practice B outlook C idea D scheme
0 k% w% U+ J0 z$ C【分析】本题中that为关键词,其后的句子为同位语从句,且整句话表达了观点,所以选idea。+ S: Q" V# V" ]2 `2 O m6 W* [
(3)答案在选择空项的上文和下文中都能找到。因此,做这类题时,要“瞻前顾后”。
& J) l6 K; K* ~* T; @: f3 A【真题】72 While mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are still popular, everything in between is 73 . Last year sales fell 6.7 percent, 7.6 percent 74 if you don’t count the mini-car market. (2009. 06)3 ~% f% Q9 d& v) X+ l
73 A surging B stretching C slipping D shaking
( x2 p7 H" b( ~2 A i( K【分析】上文“While”和“still”表示转折,暗示选择空项需要与上文的“popular”形成对比;考生继续向下 读,根据下文中介绍去年的销售额下降6.7%和7.6%,可以判断此空也涉及销售额的下降问题,故选C项slipping“下跌,减退,滑倒”,其他选项 均为干扰项。' g' f$ z+ B* d+ e
2. 词汇的复现关系
( ?8 Z1 _/ z' v词汇的复现关系指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出 现在语篇中,语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接。可分为以下四类:原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、反义词复现和同源词复现。针对这一部分习题, 作者总结了常见的核心近义词和易混形近词。) a; Q/ U5 B- b3 h9 p, H5 O
(1)原词复现
8 b; s4 Z+ g; T+ ^* Q有时为了表达的需求,在上下文中有同一概念词出现,可借此信息选出答 案。9 S: N" ~& I& o
【真题】The smokers ______a lot. In fact, the non-smokers who must breathe the air polluted by tobacco smoke may suffer more than the smokers themselves. (1991)- I9 D3 u0 m7 F7 B! \: ] Y* v y
A. suffer B. endure C. tolerate D. bear" Y2 n. \# `9 Y, V
【分析】以上两个分句是对应的。第一个分句所缺的动词可以由第二个分句中的动词,即“suffer”来推测,前后动词一致,答案应该是A。4 [( x, F! t" u6 m% l g4 r. B/ {
(2)同义词或近义词复现( c$ O$ x0 A5 }# ?. R" K- J. K2 F
同义词复现是指相同或相近的单词在原文中反复出现,以达到文章衔接的目的。在完型填空试题中,就可以利用这种衔接方 式找到要填入单词的同义词或者近义词,也就找到了试题的答案。这也包括了同源词复现,即相同词根构成的不同词性的单词在文章中反复出现。4 U: x: B0 u% `. b' m9 i( i
【例 题】Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about an article or a service can actually...
" K2 ^1 K# u' f# G' G/ SA. reading B. purchasing C. browsing D. borrowing5 c& i; X; Y3 S
【分析】要填入的单词 purchasing 是第一句buying 的同义词复现。
+ e5 d2 n" r+ I. `2 r9 x. V# U8 R2 _( c: _【例题】The researcher examined the dead bodies of the people who develop SARS. The ___ __is very important.1 g% D$ h* ^! H& D; `& c" e
A. test B. quiz C. matriculation D. examination
9 F/ S, n( p$ M! o【分析】要填入的单词 examination 是第一个句子谓语动词examine的同源词复现。
5 S! F8 ~/ J; y(3)反义词复现采集者退散
6 B3 {' s) s+ r5 q反义词复现是指和前文中词义相反的单词在原文中出现,以达到文章衔接的目的。
4 P! H! K2 |0 j4 h【例题】Forcing yourself to recall (almost) never helps because it doesn't your memory; it only tightens it.# s( h2 f |7 D9 W0 \
A. loosen B. weaken C. decrease D. reduce
& p% ]$ j1 k% K8 X L【分析】前后两部分互为解释,一 为肯定,一为否定,为反义复现。从下文的tighten可以判断,上文应该是选loosen。, v/ l& e" |2 J9 k5 X- H" d
3. 词汇的共现关系1 e2 f- } k6 V* u1 D
词汇的共现关 系是指词汇共同出现的倾向性。即在一定的语篇中,围绕一定的主题的词汇可能同时出现,这种词的共现关系与语篇题材关系密切。据此我们可以删除掉一些与语篇 主题无关的选项,重点放在与主题相关的选项上。' u! g" _. X. @8 u6 b- A( n
【真题】For example, the rhythm, pitch, and 83 of music has been shown to influence behavior such as the 18 of time spent in supermarket… (2007.12)
% H0 X. ^& b+ }8 C/ B% \: o83. A. step B. speed C. band D. volume
% ?4 \3 ]7 L5 K9 e! B: f/ n【分析】and连接并列成分,所填词需与rhythm“节奏”和pitch “音调”形成语义共现,用来描述music。四个选项中只有D项volume“音量”符合。 |