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There are more than forty universities in Britain¡ªnearly twice as many as in 1960.During the 1960s eight completely new ones were founded£¬ and ten other new ones were created 1 converting old colleges of technologysintosuniversities.In the same period the 2 of students more than doubled£¬ from 70ª°000 to 3 than 200£¬000.By 1973 about 10% of men aged from eighteen 4 twenty-one were in universities and about 5% of women.All the universities are private institutions.Each has its 5 governing councils£¬ 6 some local businessmen and local politicians as 7 a few academics£¨´óѧ½Ìʦ£©.The state began to give grants to them fifty years 8 £¬ and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its 9 from state grants.Students have to 10 fees and living costs£¬ but every student may receive from the local authority of the place 11 he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay his full costs£¬ including lodging and 12 unless his parents are 13 .Most 14 take jobs in the summer 15 about six weeks£¬ but they do not normally do outside 16 during the academic year.The Department of Education takes 17 for the payment which cover the whole expenditure of the 18 £¬ but it does not exercise direct control.It can have an important influence 19 new developments through its power to distribute funds£¬ but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee£¬ a body which is mainly 20 of academics.
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