英语六级听力辅导：临场应对及破题技巧

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 10:13:42

　　六级听力题目构成与比例：
　　小对话： 8% 选择题共8段小对话，8道题，放音一遍
　　长对话： 7% 选择题共2段长对话，7道题，放音一遍
　　短文听力： 10% 选择题共3篇文章，10道题，放音一遍
　　复合式听写：10% 听写填空填8个单词和3句话，放音三遍
　　听力位于考试的卷二部分，共占全卷35%。
　　六级听力选择题目答题方法点拨：
　　一、基本解题技巧
　　小对话解题技巧之一：视听反向原则、同义替换原则。
　　视听反向原则是指，在小对话的题目中，看似明显被读到的选项反而更容易是错的。但须注意，当小对话原文本身较长或生僻词较多时，该原则可能会出现特例，如 03年6月第8题。
　　同义替换是指，若某一选项中的单词或短语是听力原文中单词或短语的同义形式，则该选项容易为正确。
　　例题：
　　2010年6月六级考试第11题
　　A) The man failed to keep his promise.
　　B) The woman has a poor memory.
　　C) The man borrowed the book from the library.
　　D) The woman does not need the book any more.
　　原文：
　　M: Oh, I’m so sorry I forgot to bring along the book you borrowed from the library.
　　W: What a terrible memory you have! Anyway, I won’t need it until Friday night. As long as I can get it by then, OK?
　　Q: What do we learn from this conversation?
　　解析：可以明显看出，本题的答案为A.其中，另外三项的大部分单词或短语都被读到。
　　例题：
　　2010年6月六级考试第13题
　　A) The printing on her T-shirt has faded.
　　B) It is not in fashion to have a logo on a T-shirt.
　　C) She regrets having bought one of the T-shirts.
　　D) It is not a good idea to buy the T-shirt.
　　原文：
　　M: I think I’ll get one of those new T-shirts, you know, with the school’s logo on both the front and back.
　　W: You’ll regret it. They are expensive, and I’ve heard the printing fades easily when you wash them.
　　Q: What does the woman mean?
　　解析：准确答案D。其中A和C中都有若干单词被读中，听到的慎选。
　　例题：
　　2010年6月六级考试第18题
　　A) The speakers will dress formally for the concert.
　　B) The man will return home before going to the concert.
　　C) It is the first time the speakers are attending a concert.
　　D) The woman is going to buy a new dress for the concert.
　　原文：
　　M: Honey, I’ll be going straight to the theatre from work this evening. Could you bring my suit and tie along?
　　W: Sure, it’s the first performance of the State Symphony Orchestra in our city, so suit and tie is a must.
　　Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
　　解析：准确答案A。容易错选C，听到的慎选。正确答案A 中，dress formally和suit and tie同义替换。
　　小对话解题技巧之二：动作题的处理方式。
　　选项均以动词原形或to do形式开头的题目为动作题。放音时，注意抓情态动词(如could, should, would, may, can, have to, must等)和建议/请求句型(如Why not do…, Will you do…)，其中包含的主要动作即为该题答案。
　　例题：
　　2010年6月六级考试第15题
　　A) Leave Daisy alone for the time being.
　　B) Go see Daisy immediately.
　　C) Apologize to Daisy again by phone.
　　D) Buy Daisy a new notebook.
　　原文：
　　M: Daisy was furious yesterday because I lost her notebook. Should I go see her and apologize to again?
　　W: Well, if I were you, I’d let her cool off a few days before I approach her.
　　Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
　　解析：准确答案A。这是一道动作题，原文中出现建议句型if I were you, I’d…所以答案即是…let her cool off a few days before I approach her的同义替换形式。此题另一难点在于A选项中短语for the time being意思是“目前暂时”。
　　长对话和短文听力解题技巧：视听基本一致原则、同义替换原则、特殊词定位原则
　　视听基本一致的含义是指，若听到的原文和看到的选项基本一致，则选项容易为正确。这一点和小对话的原则恰恰相反，请考生一定注意。
　　同义替换原则，同小对话。
　　特殊词定位原则是指，在原文中特殊词(如序数词1st，极端词most、most important、only、all等，逻辑连接词because、since、but、however，以及自问自答的回答部分或直接引语)后面很可能出现正确答案信息。
　　例题：
　　2010年6月六级考试第1道长对话：
　　Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. 答案D
　　A) He wants to sign a long-term contract.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 10:13:43

　　B) He is good at both language and literature.
　　C) He prefers teaching to administrative work.
　　D) He is undecided as to which job to go for.</p>　　20. 答案C
　　A) They hate exams.
　　B) The all plan to study in Cambridge.
　　C) They are all adults.
　　D) They are going to work in companies.
　　21. 答案B
　　A) Difficult but rewarding.
　　B) Varied and interesting.
　　C) Time-consuming and tiring.
　　D) Demanding and frustrating.
　　原文：
　　Conversation 1
　　M: I got two letters this morning with job offers, one from the Polytechnic, and the other from the Language School in Pistoia, Italy.
　　W: So you are not sure which to go for? (第19题答案，视听基本一致与同义替换，not sure替换undecided)
　　M: That’s it. Of course, the conditions of work are very different: The Polytechnic is offering two-year contract which could be renewed, but the language school is only offering a year’s contract, and that’s a different minus. It could be renewed, but you never know.
　　W: I see. So it’s much less secure. But you don’t need to think too much about steady jobs when you are only 23.
　　M: That’s true.
　　W: What about the salaries?
　　M: Well, the Pistoia job pays much better in the short term. I’ll be getting the equivalent of about ￡22,000 a year there, but only ￡20,000 at the Polytechnic. But then the hours are different. At the Polytechnic I’d have to do 35 hours a week, 20 teaching and 15 administrations, whereas the Pistoia school is only asking for 30 hours teaching.
　　W: Mmm…
　　M: Then the type of teaching is so different. The Polytechnic is all adults and mostly preparation for exams like the Cambridge certificates. (第20题答案，特殊词so以及all，结合同义替换的思想) The Language School wants me to do a bit of exam preparation, but also quite a lot of work in companies and factories, and a couple of children’s classes. Oh, and a bit of literature teaching.
　　W: Well, that sounds much more varied and interesting.(第21题答案，完全的视听基本一致) And I’d imagine you would be doing quire a lot of teaching outside the school, and moving around quite a bit.
　　M: Yes, whereas with the Polytechnic position, I’d be stuck in the school all day.
　　Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard:
　　Q19. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
　　Q20. What do we learn about the students at the Polytechnic?
　　Q21. What does the woman think of the job at the Language school?
　　例题：
　　2010年6月六级考试第2道长对话：
　　Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
　　22. 答案C
　　A) Interviewing a moving star.
　　B) Discussing teenage role models.
　　C) Hosting a television show.
　　D) Reviewing a new biography.
　　23. 答案A
　　A) He lost his mother.
　　B) He was unhappy in California.
　　C) He missed his aunt.
　　D) He had to attend school there.
　　24. 答案B
　　A) He delivered public speeches.
　　B) He got seriously into acting.
　　C) He hosted talk shows on TV.
　　D) He played a role in East of Eden.
　　25. 答案B
　　A) He made numerous popular movies.
　　B) He has long been a legendary figure.
　　C) He was best at acting in Hollywood tragedies.
　　D) He was the most successful actor of his time.
　　原文：
　　Conversation 2
　　Good evening and welcome to tonight's edition of Legendary Lives. Our subject this evening is James Dean, actor and hero for the young people of his time. Edward Murray is the author of a new biography of Dean.(第22题答案，场景题，抓代表词“welcome to +节目名称”等，Studio场景从长对话出现至今在该题型内已出现三次)
　　W: Good evening, Edward.
　　M: Hello Tina.
　　W: Edward, tell us what you know about Dean's early life.

　　M: He was born in Indiana in 1931, but his parents moved to California when he was five. He wasn't there long though because his mother passed away just four years later(第23题答案，注意逻辑关系词though以及because). Jimmy's father sent him back to Indiana after that to live with his aunt.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 10:13:44

</p>　　W: So how did he get into acting?
　　M: Well, first he acted in plays at high school, then he went to college in California where he got seriously into acting(第24题答案，视听基本一致). In 1951 he moved to New York to do more stage acting.
　　W: Then when did his movie career really start?
　　M: 1955. His first starring role was in East of Eden. It was fabulous. Dean became a huge success. But the movie that really made him famous was his second one, Rebel Without a Cause, that was about teenagers who felt like they didn't fit into society.
　　W: So how many more movies did he make?
　　M: Just one more, then he died in that car crash in California in 1955.
　　W: What a tragedy! He only made three movies! So what made him the legend he still is today?(该句及上下文各一句构成第25题答案，需要运用视听基本一致并结合一些概括)
　　M: Well I guess his looks, his acting ability, his short life, and maybe the type of character he played in his movies. Many young people saw him as a symbol of American youths.
　　Q22 What is the woman doing?
　　Q23 Why did James Dean move back to Indiana when he was young?
　　Q24 What does the man say James Dean did at college in California?
　　Q25 What do we know about James Dean from the conversation?
　　例题：
　　2010年6月六级考试第2篇短文听力：
　　Passage Two
　　Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　30. 答案C
　　A) Some of them had once experienced an earthquake.
　　B) Most of them lacked interest in the subject.
　　C) Very few of them knew much about geology.
　　D) A couple of them had listened to a similar speech before.
　　31. 答案B
　　A) By reflecting on Americans' previous failures in predicting earthquakes.
　　B) By noting where the most severe earthquake in U. S. history occurred.
　　C) By describing the destructive power of earthquakes.
　　D) By explaining some essential geological principles.
　　32. 答案C
　　A) Interrupt him whenever he detected a mistake.
　　B) Focus on the accuracy of the language he used.
　　C) Stop him when he had difficulty understanding.
　　D) Write down any points where he could improve.
　　原文：
　　Passage 2
　　Juan Louis, a junior geology major, decided to give an informative speech about how earthquakes occur. From his audience and analysis he learned that only 2 or 3 of his classmates knew much of anything about geology(第30题答案，视听基本一致，定位点为only，anything). Juan realized then that he must present his speech at an elementary level and with a minimum of scientific language. As he prepared the speech, Juan kept asking himself, “How can I make this clear and meaningful to someone who knows nothing about earthquakes or geological principles?” Since he was speaking in the Midwest, he decided to begin by noting that the most severe earthquake in American history took place not in California or Alaska but at New Madrid, Missouri in 1811.(第31题答案，视听基本一致，定位点since及案例) If such an earthquake happened today, it would be felt from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and would flatten most of the cities in the Mississippi valley. That, he figured, should get his classmates’ attention. Throughout the body of the speech, Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of the earthquakes, carefully avoid technical terms. He also prepared visual aids, diagramming photo line, so his classmates wouldn’t get confused. To be absolutely safe, Juan asked his roommate, who was not a geology major, to listen to the speech. “Stop me,” he said, “any time I say something you don’t understand.” Juan’s roommate stopped him four times.(第32题答案，视听基本一致，定位点为举例直接引语) And at each spot, Juan worked out a way to make his point more clearly. Finally, he had a speech that was interesting and perfectly understandable to his audience.
　　Questions 30 – 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　Q30 What did Juan Louis learn from the analysis of his audience?

　　Q31 How did Juan Louis start his speech?

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 10:13:45

</p>　　二、审题及利用选项推知答案
　　1、审题的作用：
　　小对话——看选项，判断题目类型，推知解题方法。
　　长对话及短文——看选项，推断问题，方便运用视听基本一致原则且帮助定位。预测长对话或短文的主题。
　　2、如何在完全听不懂的情况下通过选项推知答案：
　　一般的，当两个选项意思相近或谈论的话题相同时，其中一个可能是正确答案;当两个选项通过同义转换使得实际观点相同时，两个选项均不是答案;当两个选项话题相同且意思相反时，其中一个可能是正确答案。
　　例题：
　　2009年6月六级考试第14题
　　14. .A. She can help the man take care of the plants.
　　B. Most plants grow better in direct sunlight.
　　C. The plants need to be watered frequently.
　　D. The plants should be placed in a shady spot.
　　答案：D
　　原文：
　　14. M: The plants next to the window always look brown. You wouldn’t know by looking at them that I water them every week.
　　W: Maybe they don’t like direct sunlight. I had the same problem with some of my plants. And a little shade helps them immensely.
　　Q: What does the woman imply?
　　解析：只看选项，CD选项相近且主语都是The plants，话题相同;BD选项话题相同且意思相反，所以选D 。
　　三、新闻听力相关知识
　　2010年6月第一篇短文考察了新闻篇章听力。接下来简要介绍新闻听力相关知识。
　　决定新闻听力解题能力的主要是以下三个方面：
　　1、底词积累
　　所谓“底词”，是指在新闻英语中作为基础词的相关词汇，包括常见熟词的新闻范畴生僻词义以及专门的新闻用词。不仅要知道其含义，更要对其发音十分熟悉。
　　比如，新闻听力最难的类型莫过于财政新闻，因为很多考生对于数字并不敏感，且对于财政方面的词汇积累更是有限，比如“multilateral currency realignment”(跨国货币调整)，不是学金融方面专业的同学恐怕会觉得无从下手。
　　类似这样的词汇很多在于日常的积累，这里举几个例子供大家参考：
　　毕业生就业率 graduate employment rate
　　占有一个较大比例 form/constitute a large proportion
　　贫富分化 polarization between the rich and the poor
　　社会保障体系 social security system
　　危险被大大遏制了 the risk is largely contained
　　由于新闻词汇涵盖面很广，大家在业余时间应该去留意一下一些国家名、地名、政要名字等;大家同样也应多注意看一下CCTV-9的BizChina等财经节目以及各英语电视台的政治新闻，有助于提高财经和政治新闻方面的专业词汇量。
　　2、是否熟悉常见新闻结构
　　相对于一般短文，新闻有一些相对固定的比较常见的结构，如倒金字塔结构(最核心最重要的信息在最前面，之后一点点打开细节叙述)。最常考的新闻出题思路就是一个中心加若干细节的设题。把握住常见新闻结构的解题效率远高于盲目跟听。
　　3、是否能够根据自己的既有知识框架进行有效联想
　　几乎没有考生可以一次性听清楚新闻中的每一个单词，但这往往并不是决定这套新闻题目做的准确率高低的关键。新闻中具有大量的信息，但并不是所有信息都是有用信息。在进行有效的题目预设后，无关信息在听的过程中应该大胆放弃。遇到较难的专业词汇时，也不要慌张，通过联系上下文及开篇导语句进行词义句义猜测，千万不要顾此失彼，纠结在一个词义上而影响其他内容的听记。有效联想的练习应该落实在平时，要多注意积累，熟悉近期的国际时事，尤其政治、经济、重大科技发明等方面的事件。
　　新闻听力解题方案提要：
　　1、听前预审题。
　　主要通过选项猜测这篇新闻的主要谈论内容是什么。比如通过jump, decline等词结合数字猜知这是财经新闻，通过casualty, deaths等词猜知该新闻很可能会谈到一个事故和伤亡人数，通过政要的名字猜知可能会谈及政治时事等。审题同样可以结合高频词汇、是否主语相同需看谓语、是否出现极端词、时态提示点等几个通用审题要点。
　　2、听时抓首句。
　　最常见的倒金字塔新闻格式决定了最常考的新闻出题思路就是一个中心加若干细节的设题。所以，首句群作为全文的开始，通常是重要信息点的罗列，必须要认真听。
　　3、不忘记笔记。
　　除了抓住首句群，新闻听力同样要求大家能够时时做笔记，建议结合新闻结构，用分类流程图的方式快速记录新闻的要点。注意要按逻辑顺序记录，不要只记下无关堆砌的一堆词。此外，考生平时应该注意培养速记的习惯。
　　4、联想加回忆。
　　很多考生如果平时做到关心时事，那么真的在考试中遇到熟悉事情的新闻篇章也不足为奇。新闻本身就是对时事的记录，所以有的同学认为新闻听力有道理可循有范围可押题，这在一定程度上是讲得通的。建议大家可以多登录比如yahoo英语新闻和CRI、CCTV-9等英语新闻媒体，做好日常积累，在考试的时候进行有效的联想和回忆，拿高分则胜算在手。

　　附：7个2010年6月六级考试听力题目中出现的重点词汇和短语

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 10:13:46

</p>　　1) As long as “只要”
　　见11题Anyway, I won’t need it until Friday night. As long as I can get it by then, OK?
　　2) If I were you, I would do… 表建议“如果我是你，我会…”
　　见15题Well, if I were you, I’d let her cool off a few days before I approach her.
　　3) fatigue “疲惫，疲劳”
　　单词难度较大，见12题B) Fatigue is a typical symptom of lack of exercise.
　　4) equivalent “等价物;等值的”
　　单词高频且难度大，见2010年6月长对话原文部分I’ll be getting the equivalent of about ￡22,000 a year there…
　　5) at the scene “在现场”
　　见2010年6月第一篇短文新闻Rescue workers were at the scene.
　　6) deal with “处理，应对”相当于cope with和handle, tackle
　　见2010年6月第二篇短文原文Throughout the body of the speech, Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of the earthquakes, carefully avoid technical terms.
　　7) psychological “心理学的”多次在短文及复合式听写原文出现。
　　见2010年6月复合式听写and their mental and psychological development is severely hindered by lack of language…
　　8) be linked to 与…有联系
　　见2010年6月复合式听写原文whereas social isolation is linked to stress, disease, and early death.

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[六级听力] 英语六级听力辅导：临场应对及破题技巧