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</p> Imagine eating everything delicious you want - with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldn't it?
f2 S2 @0 R* S8 P- z; a* v* l5 K: p4 h New “fake fat” products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients (营养物) and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it's up to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.
$ J1 H, J2 B2 o& }+ G4 T; m 注：eliminate消除/ p# k; }, }% h
Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that can't be digested at all.; E- M& W8 ~6 N0 J6 C
Normally, special chemicals in the intestines (肠)“grab” molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecule of substances called fatty acids.
" g, M' C; @2 y/ D. X The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.# l) @' \, G) r( X
Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it's that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc. o5 x O9 i' r7 o% W" I
Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.
0 V! \3 p, c2 m2 H' j 简短回答题评分原则及标准) x& D' w( y B
1. 评分原则
+ D! j( }* y; H' x! ` 简答题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上，用正确简洁的语言回答问题。在评分时应同时考虑内容和语言。每题满分为2分，最低为0分。+ F4 h% K1 i3 _' Q6 g( H, x
2. 给分标准
, m0 j1 B) o" ?& t6 _ 2分--答出全部内容，语言正确;5 t4 F2 L: P2 b. _+ M: D; c
1分--答出部分内容，语言正确;; }& ?) k4 f( H
0分--没有答对问题。8 e }( `. w: u
扣分标准6 z/ E! F+ J3 Q8 M, c3 {. L
(1)语言有错误扣0.5分(不包括引起歧义的，可以辨识的拼写错误)，每题由于语言错误扣分不能超过0.5分;+ i% a6 t9 G# ]& z' v8 h# S
(2)涉及无关内容者扣0.5分;其答案中有相互矛盾的内容，则内容矛盾的部分均不得分;
- b- P# ~! t# z$ n+ w8 O (3)整句原封不动照搬应扣分;照搬一句扣0.5分;照搬两句及两句以上者扣2分;
' ]6 m& I+ E* u1 h (4)考生所给答案超过10个单词扣0.5分。 |
发表于 2012-8-14 10:30:44
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