Personality is, to a large extent, inherent—A-type parents, usually bring about A-type children. But the environment must also have a 11 effect, wince if competition is important to the parents it is likely to become a major 12 in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools 13 the " win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current 14 for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being 15 keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying; "cheers, we conquer!"* _ \8 M/ Y; t6 {& C4 v' Y6 b
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the extreme 16 on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to 17 on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat 18 , but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.- ~" d6 Y* s9 E S
Obviously, it is neither 19 nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to 20 a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
; K! Q! l7 H- K& X8 x A. enough B. fit C. emphasis D. practical& a( V7 T5 n4 l( z+ \3 `
E. innumerable F. concentrate G. adopt H. questionable
r k2 F' F4 ` I. profound J. factor K. too L. substance
! J" X( X5 @1 h1 {8 T6 D M. passion N. emotion O. fix
" w2 R+ p0 w; I5 E1 Y* h II. I 12. J 13. G 14. M 15. K 16. C 17. F 18. H 19. D 20. B |