2012大学英语六级真题（阅读）模拟-8

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 10:30:44

2012大学英语六级真题（阅读）模拟-8
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
　　For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [ C] and [D ]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. 来自www.Examw.com
　　Paper--More than Meets the Eye
　　We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.
　　It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.
　　Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.
　　Paper from Wood
　　In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence
　　of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.
　　A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.
　　Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.
　　It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!
　　So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may
　　indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.
　　Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on,
　　the correct material then this is probably the only way. 来自www.Examw.com
　　Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.
　　Paper from Rag
　　Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to
　　purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.
　　A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.
　　The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 10:30:45

　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。
　　1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than __
　　[A] high grade card
　　[B] middle grade card
　　[C] low grade card
　　[D] any grade card
　　2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are __
　　[A] woods, cottons and grasses
　　[B] soft wood and cotton
　　[C] soft wood, cotton and rags
　　[D] cottons and grasses
　　3. During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made from
　　[A] strong alkalies
　　[B] caustic soda
　　[C] cellulose fibres
　　[D] a pulp of cellulose fibres
　　4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add __
　　[A] albescent
　　[B] bleach
　　[C] escharotic
　　[D] lysozyme www.Examw.com
　　5. is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.
　　[A] Acid
　　[B] Alkali
　　[C] Cellulose fibres
　　[D] Liguin
　　6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because __
　　[A] leaving the lignin will decrease his paper yield
　　[B] leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree
　　[C] liguin is very useful in the process
　　[D] lignin is essential for making paper
　　7. __ is particularly harmful to photographic materials,
　　[A] Liguin
　　[B] Bleach
　　[C] Acid
　　[D] Chemical whiteners
　　8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be___________
　　9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because___________
　　10. What we can learn from "Paper from Rag" is that you had better buy archival materials___________

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 10:30:46

文章精要
　　本文主要介绍了我们平常所见所用的纸的复杂性，通过介绍用木头和破布料造纸的过程，使我们对纸的类别、属性有了更深入的了解。
　　1．A信息明示题。根据题干中的信息提示词corn—flake packet可定位到文章第二段，该部分最后提到corn-flake packet在制造过程中比高等级的纸(high grade card)便宜，故本题选A。
　　2．C信息明示题。根据题干中的信息提示词superiority可定位到文章第三段最后一句，该句提到许多材料都适用于造纸，但最好的是软木、棉花和碎布料，故本题选C。
　　3．D信息明示题。根据题干中的信息提示词the final product可定位到文章第一个标题的第一段，第二、三句提到最后的产品来源于纤维素纸浆，故本题选D。
　　4．B信息明示题。根据题干中的信息提示词in order to和white paper可定位到文章第一个标题的第一段，该部分最后提到为了得到白纸，纸张生产者在制造过程中添加了漂白粉和其他化学物质，故本题选B。 wｗw.ExamＷ.CoM
　　5．D信息明示题。根据题干中的信息提示词essential for the tree和make paper easy to break可定位到文章第一个标题的第二段，该部分提到木质素是木头的主要组成物，其作用是凝聚纤维素，但它会使纸张变得易碎，故本题选D。
　　6．B信息明示题。根据题干中的信息提示词preserve lignin during manufacture可定位到文章第一个标题下的第三段，该部分最后提到许多纸张生产者在生产过程中会保留木质素，主要是因为它会增加树木的造纸产量，故本题选B。
　　7．C信息明示题。根据题干中的信息提示词photographic materials可定位到文章第一个标题下的第四段，该部分最后提到酸对相纸的原料尤其不利，故本题选C。
　　8．more expensive。信息明示题。根据题干中的信息提示词lignin和paper可定位到文章的第一个小标题下的第三段，因为该段提到，如果在纸张的生产中去除木质素，将会降低树木出产纸张的量，由此可以知道，去除了木质素的纸张价格必定会更加昂贵，由此可以得出答案。
　　9．there is much less cotton and rag than trees。信息明示题。根据题干中的信息提示词cotton and rag waste可定位到文章的第二个小标题，该部分第一段告诉我们，尽管用棉花和破布料造的纸里没有木质素，但它们要比木制的纸贵很多，这是因为棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多，由此可以得出答案。
　　10．from specialist suppliers。信息明示题。根据题干中的信息提示词Paper from Ra9可定位到文章的最后一段，该部分提出最好到专业的供应商那里去买档案材料，由此可以得出答案。

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[六级阅读] 2012大学英语六级真题（阅读）模拟-8

2012大学英语六级真题（阅读）模拟-8

2012大学英语六级真题（阅读）模拟-8