汉语无主句译成英语被动句' Z9 P8 Y3 M3 Z9 J' Q
汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了可用英语无主句、"There be..."结构或者根据情景补出语境来翻译之外,运用被动语态来翻译也是常用技巧。3 m H4 s) K0 o$ v$ q# j( G
例1 ____________(利用电脑)to collect the data much better.# c, @, B! U1 X1 r0 x3 m: a- b
译文:Computer is used
( ^% f6 E8 C- \3 l) |2 M 例2 没有能量,没法做功。
0 T) f8 p/ o6 x6 n& i% H 译文:No work can be done without energy.+ }9 u% I6 M" J, j, r* z
例3 通常六点半开灯。& u5 V! P, I7 W# i/ W
译文:The lights are usually turned on at 6:30./ z( P$ ^4 I# {
这三句都没有讲明动作的主语是谁,因此考试的时候翻译成英语时最好的办法是运用被动语态。
8 K$ K2 y; B2 ^/ m/ A$ @ 被动语态是一个独立的语态,而不是由主动语态转变而来的从属性语态。主动句与被动句的转换是受到词汇和结构等因素的限制的。汉译英时不能拘泥于原结构,要摆脱原句状态的局限,采用灵活多样的翻译技巧。但是,考生一定要在语态选择中注意以下这两点:" m6 R0 e* V _; @7 x! t( [) s
第一,有一些动词和词组不能用于被动语态。它们是:come true,consist of,take place,happen,become,rise,occur,belong,break out,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeed等。* }3 c1 E# Z a! Q5 f
例4 __________(这件事发生)before liberation K/ d7 b. v# W; f& F
译文:This took place: `7 f/ W, t0 I) R+ @
第二,下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义,而且常与well,quite,easily,badly等副词连用。它们是:wash(洗),sell(卖),read(读),wear(穿),blame(责备),ride(乘坐),write(写)等。
6 Z9 ?) G1 s4 `& i' U7 w* D. W 例5 Glass breaks easily.
6 p6 Z, d" l- @) H- A7 T+ K7 B 译文:玻璃容易被碰碎。
4 r/ O$ _' R, ` O9 O 例6 The car rides smoothly.
) ? y0 k( P9 T6 B9 H3 i 译文:这车走起来很稳。外语学习网
+ F+ x3 v3 C: w4 B 例7 The book sells well.! s7 o6 A; ~, ^& ?$ O
译文:这本书很畅销。
) r$ s, A* P* g/ p! l5 A0 c/ s 例8 He is to blame.
0 X! c0 V0 ~, u0 A& B- W. @ 译文:他应该受到责备。
7 V- j4 F% M+ d6 `* u 例9 The pen writes well., S0 M- e$ T# K3 O' w
译文:这支钢笔很好写。7 Q0 Y) I, ]9 G
例10 This fabric will wash.( o9 v1 ^( k5 I( E8 u% C- n3 r3 I
译文:这种织物很耐洗。 ~. u+ I3 |; u! n7 r
Exercise Eleven3 K9 Z3 j& {2 j2 x6 k5 Y- ^; C' g
1. The professor required that ________________ (我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.3 B* i% t" e; j/ I5 c6 K2 W5 U
2. Though a skilled worker, _______________ (他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.* T2 G" b2 E1 }+ r
3. It was reported that 65% of traffic accidents in this city _______________ (是由行车不慎造成的).0 B# w7 `/ [1 g$ v1 T3 z4 \# X8 C
4. ________________(希特勒是武装到牙齿的)when he launched the Second World War,but in a few years,he was completely defeated.
2 N) b/ _5 x; T! x( `1 E% l. z; C. M* S% D 5.They are having a discussion ________________(目的是寻找改善质量的途径). |