新六级直击考点：综合改错题六

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四、非谓语动词使用错误
非谓语动词在六级综合改错里算是一个较为令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词和主要谓语动词之间的混淆，具体分为以下两种情况：
0 P3 n0 H9 p% O% a4 N& G" z① 分词，主要是现在分词和过去分词的误用，如： a puzzled question → a puzzling question ； an exciting girl → an excited girl 等。
  u) r6 W2 h3 K/ G& {② 动词非谓语形式做主语、宾语，有时需要 it 作形式主语或形式宾语。如： This is no good arguing with him.(This → it )
4 K1 y7 y. z! r4 b. }/ @例1
8 w8 T7 {& q9 q4 l- IThe idea that learn a foreign language is hard 1.__________
7 `  P( J2 B: `; S/ w4 K2 y9 B8 nwork is realized by every student.
分析句子结构可知：the idea是主语；is realized是谓语部分；that引导同位语从句。从句中learn a foreign language是主语，而learn是动词形式，应改为动名词“learning”。
例2
4 [: Z; k' K2 ~/ i! o& U5 zFrom these unearthed bones scientists are able
to reconstruct the skeleton of the animal and from
1 ^# f' e. ?1 A5 @8 P' lthe reconstructing skeleton, they can obtain quite 1.__________
/ D5 i9 N4 _* q! }a good idea of its appearance.
, C$ V$ T0 X4 C( h' F“reconstructing”表示正在进行的动作，而根据原句可知，“skeleton”本身并不能发出这个动作，而应该为“reconstructed”，意为“the skeleton that is reconstructed”，这是过去分词作为定语。
例3
Lighthouses are set up to warn the passed ships 1.__________
9 Y5 `9 }$ K( ]of the dangers along the coast. Ancient people used
% q5 n8 u, |- T1 Z4 [  z7 J8 lsimple fire signal which could only mean “Danger!
7 x, ~2 m3 Z2 LKeep off”.
“passed ships”表示“已经过去的船只”，当然不可能再给予警告，这不符合逻辑，应该改为passing，意为“过往的船只”，此处现在分词作定语。
例4
. |3 k, I3 t+ xBut modern lighthouse also identifies itself in a
code knowing to all ships that pass by. Most of the 1.__________
modern lighthouses have a revolving light that is
red and then green.
. r% o  p$ q7 v5 [根据句意可知，这些代码所有的船只都知道，即“a code which is known to all ships”的省略形式，“knowing”表示“正在知道，了解”这个动作过程，显然不符合题意，故应该将knowing改为known。
非谓语动词的使用错误虽然不外乎不定式、分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）以及动名词三种类型，然而使用起来往往容易混淆，而且也不易区分，所以得分率通常都较低。
练习题
1 Judging by today’s standards the techniques applied 1.__________
5 j3 Q* H) Z" k1 [to the construction of these ancient palaces are highly
9 a& K5 c; A5 `, badvanced.
2 TV has become an essential part of our daily life,
keeping us informed of the news of the day. Comparing 2.__________
' Y6 U9 q5 E- Swith other media of information and education, TV is
almost unrivalled.
3 The characters being described in this TV play are 3.__________
" ?- ]8 z7 ~1 {: ^. o) |1 P1 Hvery true to life, which may be the reason why it
touched a nation of audience.
4 There are a great many places of interest in this 4.__________
' h; a6 d& r) V0 Z/ Qcity. But the major attraction is a recently built
hotel which resembles a sailing ship when seeing
+ }( n4 y0 _5 j  o0 Bfrom a distance. No travelers leave the city without
visiting it.
5 The building built now at our school is the new 5.__________
library.
0 D$ H8 l/ E# U3 b* G( u4 w6 A lighthouse must be high enough for its light
to see far away, but if it is too high, it has more 6.__________
possibility to be destroyed by high wind; so it is
not always true to say that the higher it is the better.
8 x& L1 i. B( G9 R! P7 s1 N7 Consider the great need for improving many 7.__________
aspects of the global environment, one is surely
& l: }1 U) [" K, v6 d, q) }4 Ajustified in his concern for the money and resources
that are poured into the space exploration efforts.
8 The small college, however, generally provides
a limited number of courses and specializations,
4 }% ~5 q# y+ y. Zbut offers a better student-faculty radio, thus permit 8.__________
. O+ G& H) c: ]( S$ i( yindividualized attention to students.
9 The way space is used to enable the individual
to achieve privacy, to build homes or designing 9.__________
- c5 u. a. a5 c8 Vcities is culturally influenced.
10 But the fourth robber put him quite beside himself
3 H$ @! ^3 O0 i: n4 `by approaching him and asked what the dog 10.__________
3 ~& U  u) t' E3 K# I2 X0 Lcost him.

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答案解析：
1.本题中应该将Judging改为Judged。该句主语为“the techniques”，其本身不能做出“judging”，而只能是“be judged”，原句的结构实际上是“when it is judged by today’s standards”的省略模式，所以应该将Judging改为Judged。注意首字母要大写。
: l3 H, u8 Y( u; V# k2.本题中应该将comparing改为compared。“comparing”表示主语所发出的动作，与其他事物进行比较，而根据句意，是将TV与其他媒体进行，所以应该是被动语态，完整结构是“when it is compared with other media of…”。
" p% f0 `& U; p& u- r3.本题中应该将being删去。“being+过去分词”表示正在进行的状态，而句子中没有指出是正在发生的动作，而是过去发生的事情（根据后面的动词touched可判断出是过去时），所以应该将being去掉。
4.本题中应该将seeing改为seen。原句的意思是“宾馆从远处看象一只航行中的船”，其完整结构是“…when it is seen from a distance”，船本身并不能发生“seeing”动作，只能是被动语态，故用seen。
5.本题中应该在building前加being。此句中有时间副词now，说明是正在进行的动作，故必须在前面加上现在分词being。
) D2 e  Q/ h0 K" A; N0 b  ?- y6.本题中应该将see改为be seen。根据句意，“灯塔必须足够高，以使其灯光可以从远处看见”，完整的结构是“…to be seen by ships far away”。
7.本题中应该将consider改为considering。在此句中，前部分“Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment，”实为条件状语，完整结构为“If one consider… environment，”，其省略形式为将其谓语动词变为现在分词形式。
" K0 m" y( a6 B) c0 `$ V2 J8.本题中应该将permit改为permitting。“thus”不是连词而是副词，表示前面事物所造成的结果，后面一般接现在分词，作状语成分。
9.本题中应该将designing改为design。此句中design承接前面不定式结构，省略介词to，实际上为“to build homes or to design cities”。
; G8 A- u6 K9 @* I10.本题中应该将asked改为asking。此句中ask动作与approach并列，承接前面介词by，表示“通过……途径来实现”，故应该和前面保持一致，使用现在分词形式。