七、冠词的使用错误 ! _( s3 h" ]8 @1 c5 z+ S3 J, c
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冠词是英语限定词中最主要的一种,有且仅有两种形式:不定冠词 a (或者 an )和定冠词 the 。但是冠词又是英语中最为常用的词类,而且由于汉语中没有与之对应的词类,所以考生对冠词的用法的掌握尤感困难。冠词的使用错误一般包括如下情况:
9 I9 Y' N4 @- @7 I9 S! H9 b1. 该用冠词时漏用,如 all of sudden → all of a sudden , tell truth → tell the truth ;
. Y3 J2 q" C9 |3 q, t2. 不该用冠词时赘用,如 in the contrast → in contrast , give a rise to → give rise to ; keep a pace with → keep pace with ; . \4 l4 C$ \0 t
3. the 与 a/an 误用,如 on a whole → on the whole ;
8 s2 W r# I: b3 X& ~4. a 与 an 混用,如 a “ s ” sign → an “ s ” sign , to a extent → to an extent , a honor → an honor 。6 ^# ~, t) s1 k, X Z: m
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例 1 ) Q) }/ v2 ?& f) O/ {8 e ^: R
We were very much surprised that the village
. _3 m' L% t3 K- D5 I3 O) t0 d" \was such long way from the main road. 1.__________
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* p8 n1 Q& J1 ]/ g$ P! o- _& m# }在“ such+a(an)+ 形容词 + 名词”结构中,定冠词不能省略,所以应该在 such 后加上不定冠词 a 。
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例 2 * o6 E- X% \+ R& `
“I considered it a honor to be invited to address 1.__________
( \# w& r4 N. M/ O3 `9 ithe meeting of world-famous scientists,” said 4 [% c0 _" `/ u( w/ B+ c' \6 w
professor Johnson.
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“ honor ”虽然首字母为 h ,却是一个以元音开头的单词,显然应该使用不定冠词 an ,这类题一般出现频率较少,却也容易犯错,在改错题应该格外注意,不容出错。
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例 3
9 F4 C8 L' e6 U. DThe nude human body at the rest must begin to 1.__________ # u8 _8 A. s3 C6 B% C, \
combat a lowering of body temperature when the 3 x) _1 }& v: I1 x0 h, U0 F
air temperature stands at approximately 31.0℃.
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“ at rest ”为习惯用语,表示“处于休息状态”的意思,中间不用任何冠词,故应该将 the 删去。 9 k0 Q+ ]2 N# v9 j0 f+ [
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例 4
7 r, @ z) }6 q( v: w, ?# xGeologists have been studying volcanoes for a long
Q; ~ x$ x" @7 @time. Though they have learned great deal, they still 1.__________
" L- R* ?. f% C9 ihave not discovered the causes of volcanic action.
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- L9 R/ c4 x d, I& p D: B; s“ a great deal ”表示“大量的,许多的”的意思,后面接不可数名词,此为习惯用法,前面不定冠词 a 不能省略。
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1 {+ B/ z: r0 m4 z7 {3 x: d9 l* w练习题
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1 They know that the inside of the earth is very
; e' o1 k( R0 q7 `, `4 Dhot, but they are not sure what causes the great heat. 5 S' h+ q8 i" L$ l
Some scientists now believe that much of heat 1.__________
& f. e* R( w7 T( a; w( sinside the earth is provided by the radioactive
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* C' z& i0 I5 }% P2 Communications satellites have made it possible
$ Q" H8 f: X1 ~& o" b3 Y7 Wfor an entire world be closer than ever before. 2.__________
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3 A lighthouse must be high enough for its light to ( q( k) m( f+ L0 Y G; [$ d
be seen far away, but if it is too high, it has more ' f: g: P9 ^) E. C* S
possibility to be destroyed by high wind; so it 3 [& y4 T( \9 a7 R; z* v
is always true to say that the higher it is better. 3.__________ ) t5 s" b5 p: {% o5 p
& o- f E5 Y2 b$ _6 p; R4 Scientists have suggested that supersonic ( K4 q; B7 c1 V8 V
aircraft may disturb the upper atmosphere to : w7 O3 B/ `! R- {
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such extent that dangerous radiation from the 4.__________ |