九、句子结构的错误
) u# |7 w0 k4 D/ D' X3 x在英语中按句型来说可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种,从结构上来说又可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。句子的结构错误是构成句子完整结构的某一成分用错或者缺少,或者使用了多于成分而造成句意不清的错误类型。由于英语语法和汉语语法特点在结构上表现得十分明显,主、谓、宾结构在数、格、人称上的一致、连接手段的正确使用以及词序安排等,都与汉语有着相当大的差异,因此在改错中也是一大难点。句子结构错误类型包括:句子类型使用错误、句子成分短缺、平行结构错误以及词组搭配使用错误。 ) [6 l% a) _2 o# {
例 1
1 u7 Z! i( d9 \2 g6 M+ U; I" AComputer analyzed marketing reports can help & A/ y) W, p8 A- w9 L# \+ r
deciding which products to emphasize now, which
3 o9 z/ ]2 y3 yto develop for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________
: v* }- P) {1 n8 o' D+ X本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致,均采用不定式主动语态,因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。
9 R" Q3 L' I( X+ j例 2 ) A1 L+ \0 V% X6 r+ w T9 m% I
When we consider the comfortable circumstances
+ x5 u- f4 Y' eof a working family today, the life of the workingman
/ A, {6 m5 C$ j; Ein 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had 6 v( c* Z. b! Q% v }
been ever hard. 1.__________
& `, d6 _: _& a8 T根据上文中“ earlier ”可知,原句显然是将 1882 年以前的生活与 1882 年时的生活作比较,所以此处 hard 应该改为 harder 。
. o7 ^! [- {) G例 3 / T% D0 H6 C5 E2 l/ [' |
At the beginning of the nineteenth century working
; k3 |9 O6 C+ a% d7 ehours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, ! r, ]( y& D3 V' Q5 E5 A
and working conditions being poor and dangerous. 1.__________ # z6 I5 ?+ |: H( ~, m
在该句中, working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous 三个小分句为并列结构关系,因此必须保持成分和结构上的一致性,故应该将 being 改为 were 。
p$ U& y2 q+ s- E/ C例 4
( G0 t, m: F* v( f. a- {" JHowever, a second person thought that this was
5 U" l8 i6 n5 a% s) jmore a question of civilized behavior as good 1.__________ 3 H+ K3 \8 a8 }5 k
manners. / u7 T4 N, j2 v* p6 ]4 K7 [
“ more…than… ”是固定搭配用法,在此句中表示“与其…不如…”的意思,而不是“比…多”的意思;没有“ more…as… ”的搭配用法,故应该将 as 改为 than 。 |