名词方面主要考查的是名词的单复数形式(例1、4)。此时要注意的是一些词加s后意思就有可能改变,例如:paper(纸)papers(试卷)、safe(安全的)safes(保险箱)、glass(玻璃)glasses(眼镜)、wood(木材)woods(树林)、work(工作)works(作品)等。还有一些特殊的复合名词也要注意,例如father-in-law 改成复数形式是fathers-in-law。
# [# A2 E4 w2 C( Z8 ? ]% {' s* S& m 考点解析:) B+ x5 U0 | c
例1:Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racial S2__________3 m+ v8 R' V% S0 r. Z
minorities, the paper has put into place policies.. ^1 k4 y& _7 Q* S( _
解析:在表达“百分之几”时,只需用基数词加上单数percent即可。* l" J9 `1 F) R* T0 m3 U$ l+ m6 ?
例2:In addition, the paper instituted a content2 u( `' s% u" C6 a8 I% Y
audit (审查) that evaluates the frequency and manner of# W/ B, K( S {( h- v% h5 G
representation of woman and people of color in photographs S7._________: o1 B: r3 e- j' f/ L
解析:不定冠词a(n)或定冠词the加上单数个体名词可以指一类事物,若不用冠词,则名词须为复数。此处woman与people并列作为of 的宾语,由于people是集体名词,单数形式表复数意义,从平衡角度出发,应该将woman改为women。
% C! }! h# R8 [) `7 J 例3:Words came that the missing boy had been found. 1.__________
$ H% \6 P9 h7 \8 ]3 J8 @# _ 解析:word为当可数名词时,意思为“(某人所说的)话”,当其为不可数名词时,意思为“消息”。根据句意,本题中word应改为“消息”的意思,所以应该把Words改为Word。
_$ r1 a0 Y8 V z* d" ? 例4:They spent over a million year evolving as co-operative hunters. S5.__________% j5 [1 I6 Y0 p1 I: l* v
解析:year是可数名词,而且前面又有a million 修饰,所以要用复数。
6 z2 }, w, W- D8 Y/ U, z 巩固与拓展8 R* M' _# p+ C9 D) b9 l0 e
1.There are majorities of teachers who have a lot of teaching experiences in my school.
6 m6 Y& |8 o7 _$ C4 v __________
3 y; o( |3 o* G$ g 2. In some schools there are special woman teachers teaching girl students. __________
- X; d4 N1 i' J0 M 3. According to psychologists, there are three factors accounting for this phenomena. __________, \ y& L4 m6 ~; ~- k3 a [7 M
4. There is so much voice outside that I can’t concentrate on my study and thinking. _________
% `! `1 S; ^3 X+ m. L 5.Culture is composed of nonmaterial culture abstract creations like values, beliefs,/ C8 ?( U# J5 t, Y; J/ G0 v ?
customs and institutional arrangements - and material culture - physical object like ________- d: ?! j+ ?2 y8 f( K& g
cooking pots, computers and bathtubs.
% y& R2 y- W, d% b" s% H; n 综合练习 6 K. f8 L2 z" d2 N2 m2 e$ {
If you smoke and you still don’t believe that there’s a definite link
! @' i) _( i( [# A( _ between smoke and troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, 1. _____
- j, c8 c6 t, g, y; f and you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you 2.___. m9 V/ y: z( _* y' g: l! ~
with hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of 3.______
1 O4 \5 n! f! M wishful thinking. This needn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are
- b6 x6 _. _4 h# t in a good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is 4.___
$ {' [- H7 r% u# e r raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and. {9 u1 ^9 s" V9 A
smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have not taken timid 5.______" j8 {8 a" z, d) b+ N; o
measures. In Britain for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on( s# u$ ^+ B4 k- d* f
television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population+ B+ u0 s" t0 M) a( G/ Z, l
continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.
) \ h$ w/ X& H4 G0 W5 a You don’t have to look very far to find out that the official reactions 6._____
6 a' Y8 ?' C; V( T1 t! M3 ? to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simple money. 7._______
6 C. ]2 Y; e' ~% l5 e* P9 p Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It’s almost like a tax on
0 H3 x \# E# e6 l9 G0 k( C& y, f. r9 d% i our daily bread. In tax revenue lonely, the government of Britain 8.______% |5 z' D7 C, ], K
collect enough from smokers to pay for its entirely educational facilities. 9._____
/ R4 y, o2 ?4 m r So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may,- E0 j6 y8 x- }# L( h
conceivably, harmful, it doesn’t do to shout too loudly about it. 10.______5 _ y; h7 H E3 \2 L
参考答案及解析:
2 x* }- Z m9 l2 T. q# D 巩固与拓展8 A. a" v$ p# d3 m. m3 a! s! b
1.experiences -> experience7 f+ T" v. f9 g6 t' W1 v
当experience为可数名词时,意思是“经历”,当为不可数名词时,意思为“经验”。根据句子的意思,应该是“教学经验”。
2 L" d9 c' W7 H9 ]4 k% M' ^/ L 2.woman -> women$ X' U, `5 q. \8 ?
由man、woman、lord构成的复合名词应前后两个词都变为复数形式。
: w" U8 t2 t! M 3.phenomena -> phenomenon 或this -> these
5 n$ O r0 _* g phenomena是phenomenon 的复数形式。前面有this修饰,应该用单数。0 |3 t1 {" Q; Z6 Y& M/ m
4.voice -> noise! P1 E$ N! A W# c
voice意思是“(人的)声音”,而noise指的是噪声。
6 K% c/ Q6 M/ [& ]6 W. S 5.object -> objects
b" h6 `6 Q1 \% }: z! |" r9 b 综合练习
- x' X2 L+ u1 s+ U3 A2 W4 d8 e 1.smoke -> smoking
5 l! b* j+ e6 ]: h# \
. H1 O! Y5 x$ j) \! w6 U smoke作名词时意为“烟雾”,作动词时意为“吸烟”。此处指吸烟和肺部疾病的关系 |