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[专四辅导] 专四词汇辅导:非谓语动词用法分析说明4

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发表于 2012-8-14 11:09:43 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别
' X* {  x2 \& a5 s! L7 a1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。
+ D* W! w! Q2 q+ S9 H/ OThey stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)
6 s- ?7 d* k1 ?8 e2 p0 cThey stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)
$ y5 r6 i2 J* O# }2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。
  z7 f* ^5 @+ W  l- F& O! }4 lReading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因): V( E( a! d, J" C
Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)- A# S: k* ~' a% F2 h) W
Reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)4 w7 ^/ O$ }4 P& {, i5 D; X$ }2 B
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。(结果); q7 j! h$ r. `0 [. \! Z
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架。(结果)6 j' @' \$ R* f! Q
We are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)1 W+ C4 O6 D& z1 F0 H: g# A
(3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:
: D9 `+ a2 S! v( h7 Ra:not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义
4 R# z5 y: i: O+ M% `9 E1 E0 C7 Jb:做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。
- b9 d2 w7 K) K# Lc:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语。& U* E; G5 j& k( Q+ ]+ T6 f  z+ {

. Z) e' R' D) N: |  b8 S6.非谓语动词常考的其它结构) g) l6 L* b  D
(1)疑问词+不定式结构- R% _  Q/ k$ B( H" t! [
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如:
1 u7 ]' i4 E! UWhen to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)* ?7 w# m9 I/ ?8 f* V& Y$ w
I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)* `  N4 A. y- M9 F1 m
The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语)
7 y7 S8 k5 I& F# MI can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)
* m. i& Q+ o. T) l" x) N" L注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如:
' {" v: n2 m1 N3 w* T% nI have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。" y8 L# u; H$ A' g: W
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式:
7 h, _0 |* `2 xWhile still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.' J& S5 {( _3 V* A$ p
(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。* i% }+ L9 z; F1 b' Y1 e
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.% z3 n, G) F* O, G' `  N
(3)不带to的不定式
& Z# v' R6 z$ n4 o: j- a1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有:6 F6 x% W4 L: i% }
feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到
/ N7 G4 N4 F' E+ Wwatch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知
, h1 D% I4 c5 qnotice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听# C1 o# ]. R# U: s2 h
On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue.
, Y  \4 Q1 G' U( A2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如:
9 ?, b2 A+ }, l" xLet him do it.让他做吧。
) x3 q# ^; J( m9 q$ b6 G& QI would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。1 C: Z. _+ u0 b# W5 y- Q3 H; Y; Q# ]4 J
(注):
" q! A+ x- @- {! |* m# u4 h①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如:
% b" ]' P- T1 |& g" \2 @He was seen to come.# [. u$ R4 n# h0 X) k1 N! ?
The boy was made to go to bed early.
9 t; u+ \& s/ v" S②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:
% h9 L+ C& g7 V+ Q3 sHe was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。
+ G8 U& }( ?# @; M4 o4 t, S3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如:8 ?$ |8 h( L9 c4 U, A" Z
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。9 |9 Z) k4 ?9 x* X; z: }$ k
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。5 b% b' \1 F9 [& P, {5 B
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。; G# h2 Z: o+ t
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。' @% S& d. ]* \' g
(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构
+ q: B% w( z2 |8 c4 n1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如:2 _. p9 t" I* @7 `
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。
2 W2 U6 g! p4 C: K(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如:9 R) c3 y0 h# A' i: k
It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。
. ]2 l! i2 \- @5 O5 h2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词's+动名词。例如:  Z5 X! }; Y3 ^4 ]
Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。7 Q+ i" b' M  _: Q2 t+ Z
He dislikes his wife's working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。6 F* J' a  j% X- Q' d" b$ J
3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等7 g2 T# m" A+ e. F& y
It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-14 11:09:44 | 显示全部楼层

专四词汇辅导:非谓语动词用法分析说明4

间或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。
) ?; R" n: K. l2 j' KIt's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦
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