despite, in spite of, notwithstanding
9 g2 @" Q( C4 ]' w& L6 B 这些前置词或前置短语都含有“虽然,尽管”之意。1 o T) |0 T8 `! {) ~
despite : 书面用词,指不受某事或某种原因的阻碍,语气轻于in spite of。
/ f6 T0 {; M% h2 |; E Despite the fact that she is short, she is an excellent basketball player.(尽管她个子矮, 却是个出色的篮球运动员。)
! b0 r, V3 X- A2 K" Q in spite of : 在这些词中语气最强,可与despite换用,口语或书面语中均可使用。- B& B" d5 J, w: v' u
I went out in spite of the rain.(尽管下雨我仍然外出。)
+ ?( w) n/ E; A1 U8 ^+ a notwithstanding : 语气最弱,仅表示一种障碍的存在。
, x8 S, f% u0 f2 F5 U) n* R He insisted on going to the football match, notwithstanding his doctor's advice to the contrary.(他不顾医生的劝阻, 坚持要去看足球比赛。) |